Todo projeto tem seus marcos e objetivos, e alcançá-los exige diferentes conjuntos de habilidades e conhecimentos. Certas funções em projetos se tornaram padrão ao longo do tempo, e algumas agora estão presentes em quase todos os projetos, independentemente do setor.

Confira as principais funções em projetos e suas responsabilidades e aprenda como implementá-las em seu próximo projeto.

  • As funções e responsabilidades da equipe variam de projeto para projeto e em diferentes setores, portanto, não existe um conjunto universal de funções de projeto.
  • Gerentes de projeto são figuras fundamentais em qualquer projeto, pois são responsáveis ​​por conduzir todas as fases até a conclusão.
  • Você pode definir facilmente as funções da equipe definindo as metas que deseja alcançar e determinando o conjunto de habilidades necessário para sua equipe.
  • Softwares de gerenciamento de projetos, com permissões de usuário definidas, podem ajudar muito no gerenciamento de diferentes funções.

O que é uma equipe de projeto?

Uma equipe de projeto se refere a um grupo de pessoas que trabalham em um projeto compartilhado.

Os membros da equipe de projeto tendem a possuir habilidades diversas que se complementam, criando um grupo coeso com diferentes funções e responsabilidades.

O número de funções e membros da equipe de projeto pode variar dependendo do tipo de projeto e do setor da empresa.

Funções e responsabilidades essenciais em um projeto

As funções em um projeto variam dependendo do tipo de projeto e de negócio, portanto, não existe uma lista universalmente aceita que possamos aplicar a todos os casos.

Em vez disso, podemos descrever as nove funções essenciais que você provavelmente encontrará em uma equipe de projeto.

Vamos explicar brevemente o que cada função abrange.

Gerente de projeto

Os gerentes de projeto são responsáveis ​​por gerenciar projetos. Eles cuidam do planejamento, organização, gestão, controle e elaboração de relatórios em todas as fases do projeto.

Os gerentes de projeto são profissionais que mantêm o projeto dentro do cronograma e do orçamento, ao mesmo tempo que alcançam o seu objetivo.

Algumas das responsabilidades mais importantes de um gerente de projeto são:

  • Definição do escopo do projeto
  • Planejamento e organização de tarefas
  • Gerenciamento de recursos do projetos
  • Negociação com empreiteiros e fornecedores
  • Assessing & managing risks,
  • Avaliação e gerenciamento de riscos
  • Comunicação com o patrocinador do projeto e outras partes interessadas
  • Gerenciamento de mudanças
  • Documentação do progresso do projeto
  • Coleta de assinaturas

💡 Dica profissional do Plaky

Quer se tornar um gerente de projetos? Confira ótimas dicas em nossos guias:

Patrocinador do projeto

Um patrocinador de projeto geralmente é uma pessoa ou um grupo de pessoas em nível sênior dentro da gestão.

Os patrocinadores são responsáveis ​​pelo sucesso do projeto e fornecem orientação e recursos à equipe do projeto e ao gerente de projeto. Eles têm 3 responsabilidades principais:

  • Visão — garantir que o projeto esteja alinhado com as metas, a estratégia e os objetivos do negócio
  • Governança do projeto — assegurar que o lançamento e a execução do projeto sejam conduzidos adequadamente
  • Valor e benefícios — gerenciar riscos e mudanças, garantindo a qualidade do projeto

Em geral, o patrocinador do projeto:

  • Alinha o projeto com a estratégia, metas e objetivos gerais da empresa
  • Assegura o lançamento e a iniciação adequados do projeto 
  • Aprova o orçamento do projeto e todas as alterações significativas de escopo
  • Toma decisões importantes para o projeto
  • Assegura a disponibilidade de recursos para o projeto
  • Fornece feedback regular à equipe do projeto sobre o desempenho em relação às expectativas
  • Avalia o status e o progresso do projeto
  • Define os critérios para o sucesso do projeto e como ele se encaixa nos negócios em geral

Em resumo, o patrocinador do projeto está envolvido no projeto durante todo o seu ciclo.

Partes interessadas (stakeholders) do projeto

As partes interessadas do projeto são pessoas interessadas em um projeto específico e que influenciam seus resultados.

O que caracteriza as partes interessadas stakeholders do projeto:

  • Podem ser internos ou externos ao projeto
  • Podem estar envolvidos passivamente ou ativamente em um projeto — ou até mesmo desconhecer o seu envolvimento
  • Suas prioridades podem mudar durante as diferentes fases do projeto
  • Seus interesses também podem mudar ao longo do projeto
  • Eles dão informações, conforme necessário, para garantir que o projeto seja executado conforme o planejado e atinja as metas e entregas pretendidas

Não existe uma lista universal de partes interessadas que se aplique a todos os projetos. Além disso, lembre-se de que os projetos geralmente são influenciados por fatores externos que devem ser levados em consideração.

Membros da equipe do projeto

Uma equipe de projeto é composta por pessoas com diferentes habilidades e funções dentro de um projeto.

Os membros da equipe de projeto fazem o seguinte:

  • Fornecem a expertise necessária para executar as tarefas do projeto
  • Concluem o trabalho atribuído
  • Colaboram com outros membros da equipe para atingir os objetivos do projeto
  • Participam de reuniões da equipe
  • Relatam problemas e o status do projeto
  • Documentam o processo

Os membros da equipe do projeto podem se envolver em um projeto em regime integral ou parcial, dependendo dos requisitos do projeto.

Analista de negócios

Os analistas de negócios trabalham com membros da equipe do projeto e as partes interessadas para estabelecer as necessidades do negócio. Eles garantem que as equipes de projeto tenham as ferramentas, a tecnologia e os recursos necessários para concluir as tarefas.

A business analyst’s key responsibilities include:

  • Planning and monitoring business practices,
  • Determining and prioritizing the organization’s operational and technical needs and requirements,
  • Understanding business goals, strategies, and needs,
  • Verifying that project deliverables meet the requirements,
  • Analyzing data, and
  • Documenting and analyzing project requirements.

Project coordinator 

A project coordinator helps the project manager and team members with administrative tasks related to the project so that the project can keep running smoothly.

The tasks of a project coordinator may include:

  • Monitoring the daily project progress and providing updates to project managers or other stakeholders,
  • Ordering necessary equipment and office supplies,
  • Ensuring team members have the resources they need to complete tasks on time and within the budget,
  • Doing tasks related to billing and bookkeeping, 
  • Organizing invoices, contracts, reports, and other financial documents,
  • Managing project-related paperwork, 
  • Managing deadlines and workflow, and
  • Scheduling meetings and appointments.

Coordinate projects in Plaky

Project management consultant

Unlike project managers and coordinators, project management consultants are third-party experts who are hired by a company to help with a specific project.

So, they are external PM experts who can help the project manager steer the project in the right direction.

A project management consultant’s responsibilities include:

  • Getting familiar with the company and how it works,
  • Helping the project manager create a project strategy that works for their needs,
  • Introducing innovative solutions to help the project,
  • Troubleshooting for potential problems and bottlenecks, and
  • Providing expertise in areas the project manager is not familiar with.

Steering committee

The members of a steering committee are usually the company management and senior-level stakeholders.

A steering committee’s role is to:

  • Oversee a project from start to finish, 
  • Provide guidance, and 
  • Ensure the delivery of the project outputs.

Simply put, a steering committee supports project managers working toward strategic company directions.

The committee is responsible for:

  • Setting the strategic direction of projects,
  • Providing advice on the budget and regarding changes to the project,
  • Identifying the project’s priorities,
  • Identifying possible risks,
  • Monitoring risks and timelines,
  • Prioritizing and reprioritizing project deliverables, and
  • Determining the project outcomes and helping to fulfill them.

Subject matter expert

Subject matter experts have in-depth knowledge of a specific subject, business, or technical area. They advise and counsel project teams and help them improve business processes to meet the expected project results.

Subject matter experts usually:

  • Communicate with project managers or project stakeholders to suggest best practices or procedures,
  • Provide input to stakeholders and project managers to help set project goals and requirements,
  • Define procedures or standards (as they are experts who know the right or best way to perform tasks),
  • Provide suggestions for procedural improvements,
  • Determine performance objectives and specify acceptable performance levels,
  • Answer questions regarding the content or strategy of project tasks, and
  • Help project managers pinpoint possible risks and fix issues related to their area of expertise.

💡 Dica profissional do Plaky

Roles in a team can be very different, and managers need to find ways to actively encourage collaboration. Finding a great name for your team can help, so check out our list for inspiration:

Example of a project team

To explain project team roles further, let’s go over a specific example. We’ll focus on a web development team in a software development company.

A web development project team may have the following professionals on board:

  • Gestor de projeto
  • Developers,
  • QA team,
  • UX/UI designers, and
  • Business analyst.

The project manager performs the following actions:

  • Plans the project, 
  • Develops a project schedule, 
  • Assembles a project team,
  • Provides a focus for the team,
  • Manages the team’s workload, and 
  • Manages risks and the budget.

Developers work on front-end and back-end development while the QA team ensures the best quality of software by testing it to detect errors.

UX/UI designers are in charge of:

  • Collecting and assessing user requirements in collaboration with product managers and engineers, and
  • Providing design ideas and designing graphical user interface elements such as a menu, icons, and tabs.

Finally, the business analyst:

  • Ensures that requirements are met, 
  • Acts as a connection between the client, design, and development, and
  • Translates the client requests into specifications on how a certain functionality should behave.

💡 Dica profissional do Plaky

Starting a web development project? Save time and choose one of Plaky’s pre-made and entirely customizable software development templates:

How to implement project roles in 4 steps

If you’re not sure how to implement different project roles in your team, here’s a quick 4-step guide:

  1. Identify roles
  2. Define skills and expectations
  3. Evaluate workload
  4. Assign roles

Identify roles

Once you have the project milestones and goals in front of you, start creating a plan of action on how to achieve them. 

Each project phase will require certain resources and certain professionals.

For example, launching a new clothing line will require seamstresses, designers, sales managers, and models. Meanwhile, construction projects will need contractors, engineers, and architects.

💡 Dica profissional do Plaky

If you’re an architectural PM in need of a trusty PM tool for your projects, check out this list of tools:

Define skills and expectations

When you define the roles you need, you have to determine their responsibilities as well. 

Even if you already have an available team, you should define the necessary skills for the upcoming project and what you expect from each role. This way, you can compare right away who’s suitable and who’s missing. 

Finding the necessary people before the project starts can save you additional costs later on too. When the project is already underway, lacking experts can cause costly delays that prolong the project and cause shifts in schedule and resource availability.

Save yourself some time by using a skills matrix. We’ve got a free one you could try out:

Get our resource skills matrix template

Evaluate workload

Sometimes, some roles are a key figure only during certain project activities and phases and completely unnecessary for the rest of the project. This is why you should determine who you need and when.

If a role is already present in the company, the responsible person is probably already working on something. You can let them and the other teams know your project’s schedule so that you can coordinate better. 

On the other hand, if a role doesn’t exist already, you can launch a search for a freelancer or a permanent employee.

💡 Dica profissional do Plaky

Find out how to effectively recruit candidates with the necessary skills and experience in our guide:

Assign roles

Finally, when you’ve determined the roles necessary to complete your project successfully, you can choose the people who will perform them.

Keep in mind that current employees are easier to evaluate as you’re already familiar with their personality and skill set, but new people can also bring a breath of fresh air to the team. 

So, when assigning roles, focus on the knowledge and experience necessary to achieve your project’s goals. New employees can contribute to expanding the overall knowledge base and improving team dynamics. Sometimes, even one additional talent can make a great difference.

📖 Some project management methodologies and frameworks, like Scrum, have their own dedicated roles. To learn more about them, as well as other project management terms, check out our Project Management Glossary of Terms.

Manage project roles with Plaky

Wouldn’t it be great to be able to manage entire projects and teams with different roles in one app? Luckily, tools like Plaky can help you organize all your work in one place.

With Plaky, you can easily collaborate with every team member and track how the project progresses. Here’s how!

Permission management

Once you invite your team, you can assign different roles and grant permissions. All team members follow the project progress without compromising information integrity or raising security concerns.

There are 3 user roles in Plaky:

Different roles come with different permissions, so you can assign roles based on a person’s actual role on a team. For example, a project manager will be an Admin user, while an external stakeholder might be granted a Viewer role to track the project’s progress.

If you’re running a project that contains sensitive information, Plaky’s Pro plan allows you to create closed spaces or private boards and limit access to members only.

If you go a step further and sign up for Plaky’s Enterprise plan, you can even change board permissions so that only selected people can modify the board’s information and structure. 

Assign different user roles with various permissions in Plaky

Task management

For starters, you can save yourself some time and use one of the many project management templates Plaky has to offer. You can also start from scratch and create your own board to fit your project.

Different projects require different structures and — out of multiple board views — you can choose the one that suits you best.

You can also create items that you can assign to one or more team members. Alternatively, every team member can have a dedicated item group with all assigned tasks. That would enable project managers to easily track how work progresses.

Best of all, every item can be as detailed as necessary — just add the fields you need, including:

  • Task description,
  • Data de entrega
  • Priority, and more.
Assign items to the responsible team members and set clear due dates in Plaky

Seamless collaboration

In Plaky, items can contain not only descriptions but also files. You can attach documents and images before you start working on a task, during the work, or once the task is completed.

This way, every piece of information and every file related to a certain topic will be in one place — so no one will have to waste time looking for it through their inbox.

Another great Plaky feature is the comments section where you can communicate with others in real time. As soon as someone has news or a question, they can tag the right person who will receive a notification immediately. Plus, for quicker updates, you can use emoji reactions!

Sharing files and staying up-to-date in Plaky

Managing project roles is a piece of cake when you have the right admin features that Plaky is so meticulous about. So, if you want every team member to track the project’s progress within their role’s permissions — you know where to start.

Not convinced yet? Try Plaky yourself! The 14-day free trial is waiting for you to test the whole feature set.

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