{"id":109,"date":"2022-02-24T07:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-02-24T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/?p=109"},"modified":"2026-02-11T07:51:09","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T07:51:09","slug":"project-management-methodologies-overview","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/pt\/project-management\/project-management-methodologies-overview\/","title":{"rendered":"20 Project Management Methodologies: An Overview"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Many different types of project management methodologies, philosophies, and frameworks have been developed over the years to help us cope with the complex nature of <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/what-is-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project management<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">They have been received and used with varying levels of success. Several, however, have come out on top in terms of widespread use and popularity.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Your chosen project management methodology should align with your <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/blog\/smart-goals-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project goals<\/a> and needs. To help you make a more informed decision, our guide explains:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">What a project management methodology is,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The difference between a methodology and a framework,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The 20 most popular methodologies and their advantages and disadvantages,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">How project management methodologies are classified, and&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">How to pick the right methodology for you.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Let\u2019s get started!&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Project-management-methodologies-cover.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7243\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Project-management-methodologies-cover.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Project-management-methodologies-cover-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Project-management-methodologies-cover-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Project-management-methodologies-cover-18x9.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"what-is-a-project-management-methodology\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">What is a project management methodology?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/book\/show\/57910153-a-guide-to-the-project-management-body-of-knowledge-pmbok-guide-sev\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>PMBOK\u00ae Guide (7th edition)<\/em><\/a><em>,<\/em> a methodology is described as <em>\u201ca system of practices, techniques, procedures, and rules used by those who work in a discipline.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In simple terms, a project management methodology (PMM) guides you every step of the way. It\u2019s a structured blueprint that directs your workflow, orchestrating the way you plan, manage, and execute a project.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Many different methodologies exist, and it\u2019s hard to say which one is truly the best. The winner does not exist precisely because every project team chooses the methodology that makes the most sense to them \u2014 and to the project in question.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"what-is-the-difference-between-project-management-methodologies-and-frameworks\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">What is the difference between project management methodologies and frameworks?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Project management frameworks and methodologies are often grouped together without much rhyme or reason. However, we must delineate their differences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Methodologies<\/strong> have a clearly defined structure whose aim is to help us do something. They outline which steps we have to take, rules to adhere to, methods to use, and similar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Frameworks<\/strong> aren\u2019t as strict and don\u2019t tell us exactly what we should do. Instead, they offer a set of guidelines that allow for a more flexible approach to different projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Generally speaking, a methodology upholds rigid practices and rules. In contrast, a framework allows for more creative changes due to its flexible guideline-based structure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Furthermore, with clear rules in place, it\u2019s evident that methodologies lower the risk of inconsistent outcomes and defects. The risk with using frameworks is greater, of course, as the outcome is less predictable, and the whole project is more prone to changes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">An expert we reached out to, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/davidobrien\/\" target=\"_blank\">David O\u2019Brien,<\/a> PMP-certified founder of TheProjectManagement.Expert, further clarified the difference between a methodology and a framework:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien.png\" alt=\"David-O'Brien\" class=\"wp-image-2910\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien.png 800w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cA methodology is a set of procedures for performing a process. A framework is a set of guidelines to be considered, but not a mandate for the project manager to follow. In this way, a methodology is prescribed advice, while a framework is a set of loose suggestions.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"the-blurry-line-between-methodologies-and-frameworks\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">The blurry line between methodologies and frameworks<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Some of the most popular PM methodologies today are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Waterfall,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">PRINCE2,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM),&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Six Sigma,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Crystal, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">PRiSM.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">As for PM frameworks, they include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Scrum,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Kanban,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Scrumban,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">eXtreme Programming (XP),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Adaptive Project Framework (APF),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Rapid Application Development (RAD),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Feature Driven Development (FDD), and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Keep in mind that some approaches cannot be exactly categorized into these 2 groups. Indeed, there\u2019s lots of disagreement regarding the classification of most of these approaches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Agile, Lean, and Kaizen, for instance, belong in the realm of philosophies and mindsets.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Critical Path Method is a project scheduling algorithm used in project management. Meanwhile, Event Chain Methodology is a schedule network analysis technique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Interestingly, some say that the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) is a methodology, while others maintain it\u2019s more of a framework. A more accurate description would be to say that it\u2019s an industry standard for best practices in project management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"20-popular-project-management-methodologies-and-frameworks\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">20 popular project management methodologies and frameworks<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Since the classification of most PM approaches is debatable, we\u2019ll try to avoid further confusion by listing them all as project management methodologies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In our list, we will go over their basic functionalities, key concepts, advantages, and disadvantages. The methodologies we will look at are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Agile,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Scrum,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Kanban,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Scrumban,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Kaizen,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Lean,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Waterfall,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">eXtreme Programming,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">PRojects In Controlled Environments (PRINCE2),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Critical Path Method (CPM),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Six Sigma,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Adaptive Project Framework (APF),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Rapid Application Development (RAD),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Crystal,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Feature-Driven Development (FDD),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">PRiSM, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Event Chain Methodology (ECM).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"pm-methodology-1-agile\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">PM methodology #1: Agile&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\"><strong>Agile, in short<\/strong>: Continuous and incremental delivery of valuable working software.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/agilemanifesto.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Agile manifesto<\/a>, Agile is a \u201clightweight\u201d project management approach.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">When Agile was established, it was initially designed for software development. Since then, however, it has been used in other fields and industries too, for different kinds of projects.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Agile aims to facilitate effective responses to change instead of sticking to a rigid plan. The authors of this manifesto embrace the importance of modeling, documentation, and planning \u2014 but also recognize their limitations in turbulent times.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Following the basic principle of \u201cagility,\u201d the authors cite the most important Agile values:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Individuals and personal interactions &gt; processes and tools,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Working software &gt; comprehensive documentation,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Customer collaboration &gt; contract negotiation, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Responding to change &gt; following a plan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">As for the specifics, we can turn to Jim Highsmith, one of the Agile manifesto signatories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In his book <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/book\/show\/565477.Agile_Project_Management\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Agile Project Management: Creating Innovative Products (2nd edition)<\/em><\/a>, he says that Agile project management usually consist of 5 stages:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Envision<\/strong> \u2014 define project objectives, <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/project-constraints\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project constraints<\/a>, and community, as well as the product vision and how the Agile team will collaborate,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Speculate<\/strong> \u2014 come up with a release plan to deliver the project vision,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Explore<\/strong> \u2014 keep seeking to lower risk and uncertainty while planning and delivering running tested stories,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Adapt<\/strong> \u2014 review and adapt according to the results, current situation, and your performance, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Close<\/strong> \u2014 bring the project to a close and share everything you learned throughout the process.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"advantages-of-agile\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Advantages of Agile<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Several characteristics give Agile a competitive advantage. According to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/267706023_Agile_Processes_and_Methodologies_A_Conceptual_Study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Agile Processes and Methodologies: A Conceptual Study<\/a>, these include:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Ability to adapt to changing environments,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Focus on ensuring customer satisfaction,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Minimal documentation requirement, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Reduced development risks, such as unexpected costs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">We talked with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/best-pmp-exam-prep-course-online\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Michelle LaBrosse<\/a>, PMP and PMI-ACP-certified CEO and founder of Cheetah Learning, about Agile and why she opted for it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/michelle-labrosse.jpg\" alt=\"Michelle LaBrosse\" class=\"wp-image-8314\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/michelle-labrosse.jpg 450w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/michelle-labrosse-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/michelle-labrosse-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/michelle-labrosse-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em><em>\u201cWe use Agile as it fits in our get-it-done-fast culture at Cheetah Learning. While Agile project management is best suited for software development, where the objectives of the project may change over time, we like it because of the emphasis on the &#8220;minimum viable product.&#8221; This helps us keep moving the business forward.\u201d<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pro-tip\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\ud83d\udca1 <strong>Plaky Pro Tip<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">If you\u2019re looking for Agile project management software, check out this list and find the right fit for you:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/blog\/agile-project-management-tools\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">15 Best Agile Project Management Tools to Try Today<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"disadvantages-of-agile\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Disadvantages of Agile<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">That same study highlights the disadvantages that could hinder Agile\u2019s success, such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Reliance on customer interactions,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Lack of documentation,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Constantly changing requirements that waste time and <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/project-resources\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project resources<\/a>, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Providing more value to managers than to developers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Michelle LaBrosse also recognizes that Agile is not perfect:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/michelle-labrosse.jpg\" alt=\"Michelle LaBrosse\" class=\"wp-image-8314\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/michelle-labrosse.jpg 450w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/michelle-labrosse-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/michelle-labrosse-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/michelle-labrosse-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em><em><em>\u201cWhen we&#8217;re in a Cheetah Agile sprint, it&#8217;s all consuming for a couple of weeks until we complete our project. We don&#8217;t put people on back-to-back Cheetah Agile Projects because it&#8217;s too difficult to get other day-to-day tasks required of running the business and life in general [done]. But that is precisely what makes it so effective for achieving the project objectives.\u201d<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"938\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Agile-2.png\" alt=\"Agile project management\" class=\"wp-image-10430\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Agile-2.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Agile-2-300x235.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Agile-2-1024x800.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Agile-2-768x600.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Agile-2-15x12.png 15w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Agile<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pro-tip\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\ud83d\udca1 <strong>Plaky Pro Tip<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Interested in learning more about Agile, its values and principles, and how it compares to other frameworks? Check out our guide below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/agile-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What Is Agile Project Management?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"pm-methodology-2-scrum\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">PM methodology #2: Scrum<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\"><strong>Scrum, in short<\/strong>: Incremental and responsive process that revolves around Sprints.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/scrumguides.org\/scrum-guide.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2020 Scrum guide<\/a> states Scrum is <em>\u201ca lightweight framework that helps people, teams, and organizations generate value through adaptive solutions for complex problems.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The foundations of Scrum theory include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Empiricism<\/strong> \u2014 highlights experience-based knowledge and learning by observing, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Lean thinking<\/strong> \u2014 focusing on essentials and not wasting time on irrelevant stuff.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/324839294_Scrum_The_methodology_to_become_more_agile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">key elements of Scrum<\/a> are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Sprints,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">the Scrum Team,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Scrum Artifacts, and&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Scrum Events.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Sprint<\/strong> \u2014 a period (usually one month or less), during which a potentially releasable product is developed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/scrum-roles\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Scrum Team<\/a><\/strong> consists of:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Scrum Master<\/strong> \u2014 leader of the Scrum Team, responsible for the adherence to <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/scrum-values\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Scrum Values<\/a>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Product Owner <\/strong>\u2014 manages the <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/blog\/product-backlog\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Product Backlog<\/a> and optimizes the work of the Developers, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Developers<\/strong> \u2014 a cross-functional, self-organizing team of professionals that produces the increment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Next, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/scrum-artifacts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Scrum Artifacts<\/a><\/strong> include:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Product Backlog<\/strong> \u2014 requirements the end product must meet, including the description, order, estimate, and value,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Product Goal <\/strong>\u2014 a long-term objective that provides more context for the Product Backlog,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Sprint Backlog<\/strong> \u2014 a real-time overview of everything the developers plan to achieve during a Sprint,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Sprint Goal <\/strong>\u2014 a single Sprint objective,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Increment<\/strong> \u2014 version of a product after a Sprint, a step forward in the development process, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Definition of Done<\/strong> \u2014 a formal description of an increment and its state.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/scrum-events\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Scrum Events<\/a><\/strong> comprise:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Sprint Planning<\/strong> \u2014 discussion around the objectives of the Sprint and Product Backlog items,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Daily Scrum<\/strong> \u2014 15-minute meeting during which Developers discuss progress and make next-day actionable plans,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Sprint Review<\/strong> \u2014 evaluation of what has been achieved during the Sprint, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Sprint Retrospective <\/strong>\u2014 a meeting that concludes a Sprint during which the team discusses what was good, what was bad, and what will be improved in the next Sprint.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"advantages-of-scrum\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Advantages of Scrum<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The major advantages of Scrum include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Continuous progress, even if requirements aren\u2019t stable,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Improvement of <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/blog\/communication-in-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project team communication<\/a>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Breakdown of complicated tasks into manageable chunks,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">High visibility for everyone involved,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Shared successes among the team along the way,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Timely increment delivery, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Success culture development.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Scrum is the preferred approach of David O\u2019Brien, who had this to say about the framework:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien.png\" alt=\"David-O'Brien\" class=\"wp-image-2910\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien.png 800w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cScrum is falling out of favor at the moment. I believe that this is due to the fact that practitioners either apply the framework too rigidly or as an excuse to not put a proven project management methodology in place.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cHowever, if you implement Scrum while applying physiological theory, then the working environment becomes a giddy playground of creativity, cooperation and self-coordination. Scrum allows for a quick feedback loop to be applied. Lessons learned in one Sprint can be applied to the next Sprint within days. No other framework or methodology can guarantee that lessons are learned and applied quite like Scrum.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">He believes that Scrum is ideal for project management:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien.png\" alt=\"David-O'Brien\" class=\"wp-image-2910\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien.png 800w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cMost business executives find it difficult to plan, to predict, and to foresee problems that may arise on a project months or years down the line. I believe that Scrum is the perfect framework to apply to projects, as it allows for ongoing decisions to be made just at the time that they need to be.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"disadvantages-of-scrum\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Disadvantages of Scrum<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Scrum has a few drawbacks too, such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Difficulty getting started with the framework,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The need for a clear <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/project-roadmap\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project roadmap<\/a> and idea of what needs to be done,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Poor performance in high-intensity, service-driven environment, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The need for an experienced and efficient team able to deliver results fast and in short time periods.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">As a certified Scrum Master, our expert David O\u2019Brien also knows that Scrum isn\u2019t without fault:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien.png\" alt=\"David-O'Brien\" class=\"wp-image-2910\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien.png 800w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cWithout question, the biggest disadvantage to Scrum is the contract. The legal contract between a client and vendor needs to be crafted almost exactly to allow for the vision to be delivered within the timeframe defined and to produce the scope of work as required by the senior executives. It is definitely possible, but if adequate attention is not paid to the contract, then both parties could easily end up at odds with each other.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"686\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Scrum-1.png\" alt=\"Scrum project management\" class=\"wp-image-10431\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Scrum-1.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Scrum-1-300x172.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Scrum-1-1024x585.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Scrum-1-768x439.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Scrum-1-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Scrum<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pro-tip\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\ud83d\udca1 <strong>Plaky Pro Tip<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">To learn more about Scrum and how to implement it in project management, read our guide:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/scrum-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Scrum in Project Management: An Overview<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"pm-methodology-3-kanban\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">PM methodology #3: Kanban<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\"><strong>Kanban, in short<\/strong>: Continuous, visual representation of task item data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The first Kanban system was developed in the automotive industry to optimally control and manage work and inventory. Essentially, it served as a way of reducing waste and coping with planned and unplanned interruptions in the product development process.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">More recently, the Kanban project management approach has been adjusted for the needs of the software development industry.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/book\/show\/34525224-agile-practice-guide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Agile Practice Guide<\/em><\/a>, Kanban is a holistic framework whose core properties include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Visualizing the workflow,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Limiting work in progress,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Managing the flow,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Making process policies explicit,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Implementing feedback loops, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Improving collaboratively.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The most notable feature of Kanban is how it visually organizes the <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/blog\/project-management-workflow\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project workflow<\/a> via the Kanban board.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">This tool organizes tasks by first assigning each one with its card and details on how it should be executed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The cards are then put into several columns, each representing their level of completeness. This way, you get continuous insight into task status and how close you are to finishing a deliverable product.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"advantages-of-kanban\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Advantages of Kanban<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">A systematic literature review on Kanban in software development found the following advantages of Kanban:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Faster product delivery,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Better quality software,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Enhanced team member coordination and communication,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Improvements in delivery consistency, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Fewer customer-reported deficits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"disadvantages-of-kanban\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Disadvantages of Kanban<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">That same review also cited some of the shortcomings of Kanban:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Cannot work on its own \u2014 requires additional practices,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Hard to implement in existing company practices,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Requires specialized training, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Makes it difficult to categorize tasks according to priority.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1274\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Kanban-1-min.png\" alt=\"Kanban project management\" class=\"wp-image-10390\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Kanban-1-min.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Kanban-1-min-283x300.png 283w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Kanban<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pro-tip\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\ud83d\udca1 <strong>Plaky Pro Tip<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Our Kanban guide gives a deeper insight into Kanban project management and Kanban terms, rules, and principles. You can read it here:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/kanban-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What Is Kanban Project Management?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"pm-methodology-4-scrumban\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">PM methodology #4: Scrumban<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\"><strong>Scrumban, in short<\/strong>: Just-in-time Kanban organization + Scrum iterations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Combining some of the features of Kanban and Scrum frameworks, we get Scrumban.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">According to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/en\/book\/show\/25953144\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>The Scrumban [R]Evolution: Getting the Most Out of Agile, Scrum, and Lean Kanban<\/em><\/a>, Scrumban <em>\u201cemphasizes applying Kanban systems within a Scrum context, and layering the Kanban method alongside Scrum as a vehicle for evolutionary change.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The framework aims to balance out Scrum\u2019s rigid nature and Kanban\u2019s flexibility. Thus, it keeps only a few features of both of these frameworks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">For example, it keeps Scrum\u2019s approach to work prioritization \u2014 in which work is allocated based on complexity and product demand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">However, task visualization involves the use of Kanban boards. That\u2019s the easiest way to check for bottlenecks and track progress.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Plus, the use of Sprints is not mandatory but rather depends on the team itself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"advantages-of-scrumban\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Advantages of Scrumban<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Ass. Professor, PhD Peter Ganev\u2019s research piece on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/36983292\/Peter_Ganev_Advantages_and_disadvantages_of_using_Scrum_Kanban_and_Scrumban_for_software_development\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">advantages and disadvantages of using Scrumban for software development<\/a> highlights the following benefits:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Decisions are made when they are needed,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">There\u2019s a short lead time,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Emphasis is on continuous improvement, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Time and resource waste is minimized.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"disadvantages-of-scrumban\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Disadvantages of Scrumban<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Scrumban\u2019s disadvantages include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">A lack of defined best practices,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Difficulty tracking individual accomplishments, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Limiting the <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/what-project-managers-do\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project manager<\/a>\u2019s control over the project.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"965\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Scrumban-2.png\" alt=\"Scrumban project management\" class=\"wp-image-10433\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Scrumban-2.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Scrumban-2-300x241.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Scrumban-2-1024x823.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Scrumban-2-768x618.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Scrumban-2-15x12.png 15w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Scrumban<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pro-tip\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\ud83d\udca1 <strong>Plaky Pro Tip<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Check out our Scrumban guide to learn more about this framework and master its terminology:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/scrumban-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What Is Scrumban?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"pm-methodology-5-kaizen\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">PM methodology #5: Kaizen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\"><strong>Kaizen, in short<\/strong>: Continuous improvement in organizations that involves all team members.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Kaizen is a Japanese term that means <em>\u201ccontinuous improvement\u201d<\/em>. Essentially, Kaizen is the philosophy of continuously improving operations involving all employees.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Kaizen is not a project management methodology per se. However, it is an important business philosophy that influenced the creation of Lean and Kanban \u2014 as well as some other modern PMMs.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The 5 S of Kaizen \u2014 its key principles \u2014 are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Seiri<\/strong> \u2014 Sort and prioritize tasks,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Seition<\/strong> \u2014 Straighten and organize items and documents,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Seiso<\/strong> \u2014 Shine the workplace, keep it clean,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Seiketsu<\/strong> \u2014 Standardize rules and policies, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Shitsuke<\/strong> \u2014 Sustain and adhere to the rules, make the new processes habitual.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\n<div class=\"banner banner-light plaky-gradient-templates\">\n    <div class=\"banner-text lg:pr-[6rem]\">\n        <h2 class=\"translation-block text-2xl !mb-4\">Free project management software<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"translation-block !text-sm\">Create a bulletproof workflow and take control of your projects with Plaky.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"banner-buttons d-flex space-x-4 translation-block\">\n            <a class=\"rounded-md px-6 py-2 bg-white\" href=\"https:\/\/app.plaky.com\/signup\" target=\"_blank\">Sign up<\/a>\n\n                            <a class=\"button-2\" href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more<\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"banner-image banner-image-middle \">\n        <picture>\n            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/plaky\/banners\/templates@2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Illustration\"  media=\"(min-width: 1022px)\" \/>\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/plaky\/banners\/templates.png\"  alt=\"Illustration\" \/>\n        <\/picture>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"advantages-of-kaizen\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Advantages of Kaizen<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">According to a paper on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/334314269_Kaizen_as_a_global_business_philosophy_for_continuous_improvement_of_business_performance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kaizen as a global business philosophy<\/a>, Kaizen benefits include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Improved quality, productivity, and efficiency,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Lower costs and fewer losses,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Quicker product delivery,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Higher level of customer satisfaction, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Greater job security.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"disadvantages-of-kaizen\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Disadvantages of Kaizen<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The disadvantages of the Kaizen approach are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Difficulty implementing into existing systems,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Implementation requires extensive staff training, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Potential staff demoralization.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"964\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Kaizen-min.png\" alt=\"Kaizen project management\" class=\"wp-image-10392\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Kaizen-min.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Kaizen-min-300x241.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Kaizen-min-1024x823.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Kaizen-min-768x617.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Kaizen-min-15x12.png 15w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Kaizen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 id=\"pm-methodology-6-lean\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">PM methodology #6: Lean<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\"><strong>Lean, in short<\/strong>: Careful planning to avoid reworking steps and unnecessary expenses.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Lean is based on the business philosophy Toyota developed in the wake of World War II. It prioritizes careful planning and consideration of each step of the project production process.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">If properly used, Lean techniques should lead to waste reduction, a greater profit margin, and higher level of customer satisfaction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">According to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/en\/book\/show\/289467\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Lean Thinking: Banish Waste and Create Wealth in Your Corporation<\/em><\/a>, the 5 core principles of Lean are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Identify value<\/strong> \u2014 define what the customer wants from a specific product,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Map the value stream <\/strong>\u2014 consider all the steps and processes that lead to delivering the final product,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Create flow <\/strong>\u2014 make sure the flow is smooth, without any bottlenecks, interruptions, or delays,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Establish pull<\/strong> \u2014 an improved flow means you can deliver products as needed and not keep an expensive inventory, and&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Seek perfection<\/strong> \u2014 keep perfecting your processes and embrace lean thinking in full.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"advantages-of-lean\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Advantages of Lean<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Some of the most defining advantages of Lean are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Less time wasted on irrelevant tasks and issues,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">More focus given to truly important <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/blog\/project-activities\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project activities<\/a>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Higher level of quality and customer satisfaction,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Greater sense of purpose for the team, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Cost reduction.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"disadvantages-of-lean\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Disadvantages of Lean<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Some of the downsides of Lean include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Little \u201cbuffer\u201d room, which leads to errors having devastating consequences,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Higher implementation costs and lots of overhead when switching to Lean,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Required training for inexperienced or change-resistant staff,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Inconsistent delivery in case of inventory problems, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Employee dissatisfaction due to expecting perfection.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1038\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Lean-2.png\" alt=\"Lean project management\" class=\"wp-image-10434\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Lean-2.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Lean-2-300x260.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Lean-2-1024x886.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Lean-2-768x664.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Lean-2-14x12.png 14w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Lean<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pro-tip\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\ud83d\udca1 <strong>Plaky Pro Tip<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Our guide to Lean provides a deeper insight into the Lean principles, and in particular, the types of different waste it aims to eliminate to map the value stream. Check it out here:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/lean-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What Is Lean Project Management?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"pm-methodology-7-waterfall\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">PM methodology #7: Waterfall<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\"><strong>Waterfall, in short<\/strong>: Each step of the project process needs to be completed before continuing to the next one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Waterfall has a basic structure of one part of the project process leading (cascading) into another \u2014 thus the waterfall imagery.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The basic nature of this methodology is not flexible. Waterfall relies on all previous steps being completed perfectly, before going onto the next one.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">This also means that sudden changes are not anticipated. The purpose of creating a detailed plan before starting the project is to cover all bases. So, if some changes do have to happen, their implementation can be time-consuming and often quite costly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The stages of the Waterfall methodology are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Requirements<\/strong> \u2014 a conceptual stage during which you find out what the client wants,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Design<\/strong> \u2014 a planning stage where you work out a comprehensive project plan,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Implementation<\/strong> \u2014 the stage during which all the non-conceptual work happens,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Verification<\/strong> \u2014 the testing stage where you get client input and work out any issues, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Maintenance<\/strong> \u2014 the stage that encompasses implementing necessary changes to ensure long-term, continuous use of the product.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"advantages-of-waterfall\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Advantages of Waterfall<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">A study from 2021 on the differences between Agile and Waterfall project management highlights the following advantages of Waterfall:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Fixed processes with clearly defined roles and responsibilities,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Systematic and well-documented planning, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Easier predictions of team\u2019s capacity and project progress.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">An expert we talked to, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/jmitri\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jamie Mitri<\/a>, PMP-certified founder and CEO of Moss Pure, sees the Waterfall stages as gates we have to unlock to go through:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jamie-Mitri.jpeg\" alt=\"Jamie Mitri\" class=\"wp-image-8318\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jamie-Mitri.jpeg 200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jamie-Mitri-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jamie-Mitri-12x12.jpeg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em><em><em><em>\u201cThis methodology is separated out into phases, and each phase has a gate, meaning that you cannot go to the next phase without completing the previous gate \u2014 and, most importantly, getting sign-off from key stakeholders.\u201d&nbsp;<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"disadvantages-of-waterfall\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Disadvantages of Waterfall<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">That same study discovered some disadvantages of Waterfall:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Difficulty getting all the requirements in order at the start of the project,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Higher chance of mistakes due to incorrect <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/project-management-plan-templates\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project planning<\/a> and abstract specifications,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Expensive error correction,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Intense documentation and planning,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">No customer or user feedback throughout the process, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Rigid <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/phases-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project phase<\/a> sequence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Our expert, Jamie Mitri, wouldn\u2019t exactly recommend Waterfall for all types of projects:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jamie-Mitri.jpeg\" alt=\"Jamie Mitri\" class=\"wp-image-8318\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jamie-Mitri.jpeg 200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jamie-Mitri-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jamie-Mitri-12x12.jpeg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em><em><em><em><em>\u201cBecause of the quick nature of software production, it&#8217;s best to track development and defects using the Agile method. Several defects and changes can occur in software development over a small period of time, so the Agile method uses timed sprints where the group concentrates on one goal at a time.\u201d<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">However, she argues that it sometimes makes sense to combine the Waterfall and Agile approaches:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jamie-Mitri.jpeg\" alt=\"Jamie Mitri\" class=\"wp-image-8318\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jamie-Mitri.jpeg 200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jamie-Mitri-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jamie-Mitri-12x12.jpeg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em><em><em><em><em><em>\u201cIf you are creating a system where hardware and software are combined, the best approach is to use Waterfall for the hardware aspect, and Agile for the software aspect, or combine the two methodologies [according] to the project and team needs.\u201d<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"826\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Waterfall-2.png\" alt=\"Waterfall project management\" class=\"wp-image-10435\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Waterfall-2.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Waterfall-2-300x207.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Waterfall-2-1024x705.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Waterfall-2-768x529.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Waterfall-2-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Waterfall<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pro-tip\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\ud83d\udca1 <strong>Plaky Pro Tip<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Our guide to the posterboy of PMMs gives a more detailed insight into the Waterfall methodology and how you can implement it in your projects. Read it here:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/waterfall-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What Is Waterfall Project Management?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"pm-methodology-8-extreme-programming-xp\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">PM methodology #8: Extreme Programming (XP)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\"><strong>Extreme Programming, in short<\/strong>: Taking all the pros of traditional approaches to the extreme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Extreme Programming is a framework designed to improve quality while staying responsive to any changes the customer requires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Similar to other agile frameworks, XP consists of shorter cycles of development. It also mainly focuses on business value, which is achieved through small, fully integrated software releases that fulfill all client requirements.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The name of this methodology comes from the idea that beneficial elements of traditional software engineering are taken to the extreme.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Some of the most important practices of XP are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Refactoring,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Pair programming,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Continual testing, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The use of class-responsibility-collaboration cards (CRC).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">According to Agile Alliance, the <a href=\"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/glossary\/xp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">5 values of XP<\/a> are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Communication<\/strong> \u2014 engage preferably in face-to-face discussion aided by some sort of a drawing mechanism,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Simplicity<\/strong> \u2014 avoid waste and keep the design simple so that you can easily maintain and revise it as necessary,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Feedback<\/strong> \u2014 accept constant feedback to learn what you can improve and revise,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Courage<\/strong> \u2014 nurture courage to keep your team\u2019s interests in check, know when to stop and try again, and accept and respond to feedback, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Respect<\/strong> \u2014 ensure mutual respect throughout your team to aid communication.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\n<div class=\"banner banner-dark plaky-gradient-landing-1\">\n    <div class=\"banner-text lg:pr-[6rem]\">\n        <h2 class=\"translation-block text-2xl !mb-4\">Free project management software<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"translation-block !text-sm\">Keep everyone in the loop and get collaborating. Try Plaky.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"banner-buttons d-flex space-x-4 translation-block\">\n            <a class=\"rounded-md px-6 py-2 bg-white\" href=\"https:\/\/app.plaky.com\/signup\" target=\"_blank\">Sign up<\/a>\n\n                            <a class=\"button-2\" href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more<\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"banner-image banner-image-bottom \">\n        <picture>\n            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/plaky\/banners\/landing-1@2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Illustration\"  media=\"(min-width: 1022px)\" \/>\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/plaky\/banners\/landing-1.png\"  alt=\"Illustration\" \/>\n        <\/picture>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"advantages-of-extreme-programming\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Advantages of Extreme Programming<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">According to a paper on Agile software development methodologies and practices, the advantages of using Extreme programming are shown in a few industry case studies and include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Improved quality,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Productivity boost,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Higher team morale, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Greater customer satisfaction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"disadvantages-of-extreme-programming\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Disadvantages of Extreme Programming<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The same paper mentions the disadvantages of Extreme Programming:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Might be ideal only for small, colocated teams and non-critical software development,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Inherent documentation de-emphasis,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Difficulty transitioning to pair programming and test-driven development practice, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Time-consuming and stressful customer interactions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"961\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Extreme-Programming-1.png\" alt=\"Extreme Programming\" class=\"wp-image-10439\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Extreme-Programming-1.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Extreme-Programming-1-300x240.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Extreme-Programming-1-1024x820.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Extreme-Programming-1-768x615.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Extreme-Programming-1-15x12.png 15w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Extreme Programming<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 id=\"pm-methodology-9-projects-in-controlled-environments-prince2\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">PM methodology #9: PRojects In Controlled Environments (PRINCE2)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\"><strong>PRINCE2, in short<\/strong>: A highly structured, all-encompassing approach to project management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.prince2.com\/eur\/blog\/the-history-of-prince2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">story of PRINCE2<\/a> started with PROMPT, a private sector framework, which was licensed by the UK government.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The government was interested in making an IT project management method. They made a few adjustments to the PROMPT II module and called the variation PRINCE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">After its release, PRINCE slowly became more widely adopted. However, it was later deemed too rigid and unsuitable for smaller projects.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">This prompted the development of PRINCE2 (short for PRojects In Controlled Environments), a generic project management method.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">This methodology is based around 7 main themes. They are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The existence of a <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/blog\/business-case\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">business case<\/a>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Organization,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Quality in <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/blog\/project-environment\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project environment<\/a>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Planning,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Risk management,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Change control, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Progress tracking.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The 7 PRINCE2 processes are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Starting up a project,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Project initiation,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Directing the project,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Stage control,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Product delivery management,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Managing stage boundaries, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Project closing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">PRINCE2 is also centered around the following 7 basic principles:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Continuous business justification,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Learning from experience,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Defining roles and responsibilities,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Splitting the project process into manageable stages,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Establishing the limits of delegated responsibilities,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Focusing on products, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Adapting to the environment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The implementation of PRINCE2 requires in-depth knowledge of all of these elements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"advantages-of-prince2\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Advantages of PRINCE2<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Some of the most important advantages of the PRINCE2 methodology are that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It\u2019s a flexible methodology that can be adapted to any sort of project,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/project-roles\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project roles<\/a> are clearly communicated,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It has a well defined <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/scope-in-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project scope<\/a>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">There\u2019s an official certification, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It pairs well with PMBOK.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"disadvantages-of-prince2\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Disadvantages of PRINCE2<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">As for the disadvantages of PRINCE2, they are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It fails to provide actual practical tools and techniques,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It requires extensive documentation, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It requires plenty of experience or training for efficient implementation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"813\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/PRINCE2-1.png\" alt=\"PRINCE2 project management\" class=\"wp-image-10436\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/PRINCE2-1.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/PRINCE2-1-300x203.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/PRINCE2-1-1024x694.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/PRINCE2-1-768x520.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/PRINCE2-1-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">PRINCE2<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pro-tip\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\ud83d\udca1 <strong>Plaky Pro Tip<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">To learn more about PRINCE2 project management methodology, check out this guide:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/prince2-methodology\/\">PRINCE2 Project Management Methodology: Explained<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"pm-methodology-10-project-management-body-of-knowledge-pmbok\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">PM methodology #10: Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\"><strong>PMBOK, in short<\/strong>: The standard for project management best practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Developed by the Project Management Institute, PMBOK is short for Project Management Body of Knowledge. It is the international standard of best practices in project management.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">PMBOK is not a methodology but rather a body of knowledge that details specific tools and techniques used in project management. Certain parts of PMBOK overlap with PRINCE2, so these 2 can also be used in tandem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">PMBOK relies on 5 process groups:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Initiating,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Planning,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Executing,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Monitoring and controlling, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Closing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">PMBOK is also defined by these 10 knowledge areas, for which it provides industry-approved guidelines:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/blog\/project-integration-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Project integration management<\/a>,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Project scope management,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/blog\/project-time-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Project time management<\/a>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Project cost management,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Project quality management,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Project resource management,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Project communication management,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Project risk management,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Project procurement management, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Project stakeholder management.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The latest version of PMBOK is the 7th edition released in 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"advantages-of-pmbok\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Advantages of PMBOK<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Notable advantages of PMBOK are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It is a recognized standard for project management best practices,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It helps companies standardize processes,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Each step is well documented, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It is a straightforward approach.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"disadvantages-of-pmbok\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Disadvantages of PMBOK<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Here are some of PMBOK\u2019s drawbacks:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It must be adjusted to the project size,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It\u2019s time-consuming and thus potentially demotivating for the staff, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It may require a larger team to cover all of the knowledge areas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"772\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/PMBOK-min.png\" alt=\"PMBOK\" class=\"wp-image-10397\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/PMBOK-min.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/PMBOK-min-300x193.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/PMBOK-min-1024x659.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/PMBOK-min-768x494.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/PMBOK-min-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">PMBOK<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 id=\"pm-methodology-11-critical-path-method-cpm\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">PM methodology #11: Critical Path Method (CPM)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\"><strong>CPM, in short<\/strong>: Calculate the critical path that leads to project completion to combat inefficient scheduling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The Critical Path Method (CPM) is a project scheduling algorithm developed way back in the 1950s. Its purpose is to show us the longest sequence of dependent tasks that needs to be done to finish a specific project.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In project management, we can use CPM to calculate the shortest conceivable deadline for any project. This is done by identifying the sequence of tasks that will take the longest time to complete \u2014 the critical path.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">For the most part, CPM is useful for visually representing the most efficient order in which tasks can be executed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">To find the critical path of a certain project, we have to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>List and specify each project activity <\/strong>\u2014 these can be drawn from our <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/work-breakdown-structure-in-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">work breakdown structure<\/a> (WBS),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Sequence them according to <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/dependencies-in-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>task dependencies<\/strong><\/a> \u2014 this step helps us not only see which tasks depend on each other but also which ones can be done in parallel with other tasks,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Draft a network diagram,<\/strong> i.e., a graphic representation (a flowchart, for instance) of the project activities \u2014 we draw a box for each activity and connect the boxes with arrows, which represent task dependencies,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Make task estimations<\/strong> \u2014 we have to estimate how much time each activity might take. This can be done by relying on industry standards, past experience on similar projects, or by \u201cguesstimating\u201d based on our expertise, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Identify the critical path<\/strong> \u2014 we finally calculate the path based on the longest sequence of dependent tasks. This includes identifying all the possible paths and calculating how long they\u2019d take to complete. The longest one is the critical path.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"advantages-of-critical-path-method\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Advantages of Critical Path Method<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The key advantages of the Critical Path Method include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Practical project visualization,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">More effective scheduling of project activities and resource management,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Easier project monitoring and <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/scope-creep-in-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">scope creep<\/a> management, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Better prioritization and risk detection through the use of <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/float-in-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">total float<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"disadvantages-of-critical-path-method\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Disadvantages of Critical Path Method<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The Critical Path Method comes with a few disadvantages too:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It\u2019s not suitable for overly creative or unpredictable projects,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It doesn\u2019t take into account staff and resource availability,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It\u2019s difficult to estimate how much each activity would take to complete,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It could be too complicated to apply on larger projects, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It requires precise calculations and detailed research, all of which can succumb to simple human error.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"951\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Critical-Path-Method-2.png\" alt=\"Critical Path Method\" class=\"wp-image-10437\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Critical-Path-Method-2.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Critical-Path-Method-2-300x238.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Critical-Path-Method-2-1024x812.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Critical-Path-Method-2-768x609.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Critical-Path-Method-2-15x12.png 15w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Critical Path Method<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pro-tip\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\ud83d\udca1 <strong>Plaky Pro Tip<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">If you want to learn more about Critical Path Method, its terminology, and how to calculate it, check out the guide below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/critical-path-method\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Critical Path Method (CPM) in Project Management: Explained<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"pm-methodology-12-critical-chain-project-management-ccpm\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">PM methodology #12: Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\"><strong>CCPM, in short<\/strong>: Manage resources by predicting interruptions and uncertainties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) entails planning and managing the resources that go into accomplishing project goals.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">This approach is based on efficient resource distribution. Its goal is to maintain resource (people, the equipment, the physical space, etc.) availability and prevent student syndrome.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Flexibility is the crucial ingredient for efficiently calculating the necessary resources. CCPM remains flexible by introducing 3 types of resource buffers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Project buffers \u2014 extra time added in to preserve the project completion date,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Feeding buffers \u2014 added between the feeding (non-critical) and critical chain so that the delays in the former don\u2019t affect the latter, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Resource buffers \u2014 just-in-case resources you have readily available if the critical chain needs them (e.g., more staff, extra equipment, etc.).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Critical Path Method and Critical Chain Project Management may seem similar, but there\u2019s a crucial difference.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">CPM primarily focuses on tasks and their duration, but assumes that resources will be available when necessary.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In contrast, CCPM takes resource availability into account as well to create a more realistic schedule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Managing projects with CCPM includes these 4 basic steps:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Identify the critical path,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Consider resource constraints and plan out resource utilization,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Add the buffers, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Keep distractions at bay and focus on the critical chain.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"advantages-of-critical-chain-project-management\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Advantages of Critical Chain Project Management<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The commonly cited advantages of Critical Chain Project Management include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Timely project completion,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Greater scheduling reliability,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">More optimal resource utilization, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Higher level of team collaboration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"disadvantages-of-critical-chain-project-management\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Disadvantages of Critical Chain Project Management<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Some of the major disadvantages of CCPM include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Challenging implementation due to lots of planning and coordination,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Potentially inaccurate task duration estimation,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">No objective basis for calculating the buffer sizes, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">No proactive <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/risk-management-in-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">risk management<\/a> throughout the process (only reactive, i.e., buffers).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"686\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Critical-Chain-Project-Management-min.png\" alt=\"Critical Chain Project Management\" class=\"wp-image-10399\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Critical-Chain-Project-Management-min.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Critical-Chain-Project-Management-min-300x172.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Critical-Chain-Project-Management-min-1024x585.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Critical-Chain-Project-Management-min-768x439.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Critical-Chain-Project-Management-min-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Critical Chain Project Management<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pro-tip\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\ud83d\udca1 <strong>Plaky Pro Tip<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Learn more about Critical Chain Project Management and how to implement it in our guide below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/critical-chain-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What is Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM)?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"pm-methodology-13-six-sigma\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">PM methodology #13: Six Sigma&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\"><strong>Six Sigma, in short<\/strong>: Using data to eliminate waste and defects.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Six Sigma is a methodology that aims to improve business processes by using statistical data to prevent development defects.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">At its core, Six Sigma is a combination of tools businesses can use to make improvements to their development cycles. These tools include the Pareto chart, the 5S system, and the 5 Whys, just to name a few.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">According to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/en\/book\/show\/40971064\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Six Sigma: A Complete Step-by-Step Guide<\/em><\/a>, some of the common Six Sigma ideas include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Customer-focused improvement,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Continuous process improvement,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Variation and how to reduce it,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Waste elimination,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">People equipping, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Process control.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">We can also discern 2 different Six Sigma approaches:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>DMAIC<\/strong> \u2014 Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>DMADV<\/strong> \u2014 Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, and Verify.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The DMAIC approach is the standard used by most Six Sigma practitioners and is applied to already existing processes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Meanwhile, the DMADV approach is all about designing a new process, service, or product that fits the customer\u2019s needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Six Sigma practitioners can get certified to prove they have practical knowledge of the methodology. The levels of Six Sigma certification are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">White belt,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Yellow belt,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Green belt,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Black belt, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Master black belt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"advantages-of-six-sigma\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Advantages of Six Sigma<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Some of the most important pros of Six Sigma include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Improved output quality and value,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Optimized and continuously improving company processes,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Improved customer satisfaction, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Easy identification of potential problems.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"disadvantages-of-six-sigma\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Disadvantages of Six Sigma<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Some of the disadvantages of Six Sigma might be that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It\u2019s time-consuming due to the large amount of data it generates,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Implementing its protocols can quickly get expensive,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It requires support and buy-in at all organizational levels, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It calls for consistent and accurate data streams.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"2135\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Six-Sigma-min-scaled.png\" alt=\"Six Sigma\" class=\"wp-image-10400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Six-Sigma-min-scaled.png 2560w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Six-Sigma-min-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Six-Sigma-min-1024x854.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Six-Sigma-min-768x641.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Six-Sigma-min-1536x1281.png 1536w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Six-Sigma-min-2048x1708.png 2048w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Six-Sigma-min-14x12.png 14w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Six Sigma<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pro-tip\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\ud83d\udca1 <strong>Plaky Pro Tip<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The Six Sigma methodology has many other aspects to it \u2014 but it isn\u2019t that difficult to master. Find out more about Six Sigma, its principles, and how it works in the guide below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/six-sigma-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What Is the Six Sigma Methodology? The Ultimate Guide<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"pm-methodology-14-adaptive-project-framework-apf\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">PM methodology #14: Adaptive Project Framework (APF)&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\"><strong>APF, in short<\/strong>: Flexible phases in the project development cycle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The Adaptive Project Framework (APF) is a framework that focuses on <em>\u201cexpecting the unexpected\u201d<\/em> in the software development process.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The key point to remember about this approach is that, to gradually improve, the team has to learn by doing.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">All the decisions and results are re-evaluated throughout the project. Thus, the development team is able to not only nurture their flexibility but also continue learning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The central figure of this approach is the client. The client controls the tempo of the project \u2014 until they\u2019re satisfied, the team cannot move on to the next step.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">APF is organized into 5 phases. Each phase aims to facilitate a flexible approach to the project.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Here\u2019s a breakdown of the APF phases and their activities:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Phase #1: Project scope<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Identify Conditions of Satisfaction (CoS),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Outline Project Overview Statement (PoS),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Prioritize requirements,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Create Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Prioritize scope triangle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Phase #2: Cycle plan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Define tasks from the WBS,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Establish and outline task dependencies,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Group and assign tasks to the team, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Come up with a work schedule.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Phase #3: Cycle build<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Start work, monitor progress, and make adjustments to the cycle build,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Bring the cycle to a close at a predetermined completion time,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Move incomplete (pending) tasks to the next cycle,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Note change requests, improvement ideas, and other feedback, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Track and record problems.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Phase #4: Client checkpoint<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Give the client a chance to thoroughly review the latest functionality,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Schedule adjustments or corrections, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Keep repeating the cycle until the project is finished.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Phase #5: Final review<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Considere the successes and <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/blog\/reasons-for-project-failure\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">failures of the project<\/a>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Note the <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/blog\/lessons-learned-in-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">lessons learned<\/a> along the way, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Define future improvements.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\n<div class=\"banner banner-dark plaky-gradient-landing-2\">\n    <div class=\"banner-text lg:pr-[6rem]\">\n        <h2 class=\"translation-block text-2xl !mb-4\">Free project management software<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"translation-block !text-sm\">Tailor your workflow to suit your needs \u2014 let the tool work for you. Try Plaky.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"banner-buttons d-flex space-x-4 translation-block\">\n            <a class=\"rounded-md px-6 py-2 bg-white\" href=\"https:\/\/app.plaky.com\/signup\" target=\"_blank\">Sign up<\/a>\n\n                            <a class=\"button-2\" href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more<\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"banner-image banner-image-middle \">\n        <picture>\n            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/plaky\/banners\/landing-2@2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Illustration\"  media=\"(min-width: 1022px)\" \/>\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/plaky\/banners\/landing-2.png\"  alt=\"Illustration\" \/>\n        <\/picture>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"advantages-of-adaptive-project-framework\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Advantages of Adaptive Project Framework<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Here are some of the advantages of Adaptive Project Framework:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Improved customer satisfaction due to meaningful client involvement,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Lots of room for assessment and feedback,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Flexible enough to accommodate various types of projects,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The focus is on constant improvement and openness to adjustments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"disadvantages-of-adaptive-project-framework\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Disadvantages of Adaptive Project Framework<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Some of the disadvantages of Adaptive Project Framework is that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It can be tricky to manage due to its flexibility,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">There\u2019s more overhead because of the frequent check-ins,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It makes it difficult to predict the outcome,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Client interference puts pressure on the <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/project-timeline\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project timeline<\/a> and budget,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It can lead to scope creep and wasted resources.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"686\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Adaptive-Framework-min.png\" alt=\"Adaptive Framework\" class=\"wp-image-10401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Adaptive-Framework-min.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Adaptive-Framework-min-300x172.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Adaptive-Framework-min-1024x585.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Adaptive-Framework-min-768x439.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Adaptive-Framework-min-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Adaptive Framework<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 id=\"pm-methodology-15-rapid-application-development-rad\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">PM methodology #15: Rapid Application Development (RAD)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\"><strong>RAD, in short<\/strong>: Focused on ongoing application development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Rapid Application Development (RAD) was developed in the 1980s for the needs of the growing software development industry. It is an agile framework that emphasizes ongoing product development.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">RAD is a more dynamic approach to software development that relies on shorter project phases to realize benefits faster.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Better yet, it delivers a functional version of the requested solution with each iteration. Thus, it\u2019s also one of the fastest ways of building functional working prototypes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Instead of following a strict plan, the key steps of RAD include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Defining project requirements,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Building a prototype,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Rapid construction and collecting feedback, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Testing and deployment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Some of the most important characteristics of this approach are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Smaller, integrated development teams,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Short, cyclical, and dynamic development phases,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">New releases are working systems with actual functionalities the client requested,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Concurrent task and activity performance, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Fast, incremental changes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"advantages-of-rapid-application-development\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Advantages of Rapid Application Development<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The advantages of the Rapid Application Development model include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Faster project delivery,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Consistent client feedback,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Risk reduction,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Cost reduction,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Higher level of productivity, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Clearly visible continuous progress.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"disadvantages-of-rapid-application-development\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Disadvantages of Rapid Application Development<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">As for the disadvantages, they are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Requires highly skilled, smaller teams and strong team collaboration,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Only suitable for smaller projects that require fast turnaround times,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The need for consistent user feedback can lead to delays, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Requires modular systems and a high level of stakeholder commitment.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"904\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Rapid-Application-Development-1.png\" alt=\"Rapid Application Development\" class=\"wp-image-10402\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Rapid-Application-Development-1.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Rapid-Application-Development-1-300x226.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Rapid-Application-Development-1-1024x771.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Rapid-Application-Development-1-768x579.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Rapid-Application-Development-1-16x12.png 16w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Rapid Application Development<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 id=\"pm-methodology-16-crystal\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">PM methodology #16: Crystal<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\"><strong>Crystal, in short<\/strong>: Human-powered, lightweight, self-adapting approaches to project management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Crystal is a family of methodologies originated by Alistair Cockburn, one of the signatories of the Agile Manifesto.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Though it doesn\u2019t have a formal structure, working within a Crystal methodology involves these 7 basic principles:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Frequent delivery <\/strong>\u2014 Teams should regularly release new codes and projects to ensure they\u2019re building something someone actually needs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Reflective improvement <\/strong>\u2014 Learn from past experiences to improve certain actions in the future.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Consistent communication<\/strong> \u2014 Small teams should co-work in the same room to improve creativity and development and practice osmotic communication. In his book <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/book\/show\/3353.Crystal_Clear\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Crystal Clear: A Human-Powered Methodology for Small Teams<\/em><\/a>, Alistair Cockburn defines osmotic communication as the way <em>\u201cinformation flows into the background hearing of members of the team so that they pick up relevant information as though by osmosis.\u201d <\/em>Larger teams can practice closed-loop communication. Face-to-face communication is also greatly encouraged.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Personal safety<\/strong> \u2014 There should be a safe environment for all team members to take part in discussions and give their suggestions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Focus on work<\/strong> \u2014 All involved should know what the <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/blog\/project-task-list\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project tasks<\/a> are, what\u2019s expected of them, and which project goals they\u2019re pursuing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Access to expert users<\/strong> \u2014 Experts and real users should be readily available to give the team the necessary feedback.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Technical environment<\/strong> \u2014 Teams should have access to configuration and testing tools to do timely adjustments early in the development process.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The Crystal methodologies are broken down into different color groups based on team size, such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Clear<\/strong> \u2014 6 or fewer employees,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Yellow<\/strong> \u2014 between 7 and 20 employees,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Orange<\/strong> \u2014 between 21 and 40 employees,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Red<\/strong> \u2014 between 41 and 80 employees,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Maroon<\/strong> \u2014 between 81 and 200 employees, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Diamond<\/strong> and <strong>Sapphire<\/strong> \u2014 more extensive projects.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"advantages-of-crystal\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Advantages of Crystal<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Here are some of the major advantages of Crystal:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Flexible enough to suit lots of different projects,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Provides plenty of work autonomy for the teams involved,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Involves little management overhead as it promotes effective team communication, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Scalable depending on the team size and project criticality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"disadvantages-of-crystal\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Disadvantages of Crystal<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Here are the disadvantages of Crystal you should keep in mind:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It\u2019s not suitable for projects where constant communication is impossible to achieve,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Inexperienced teams may have trouble implementing it due to a lack of structure,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">There may be some loss of focus and confusion because there\u2019s hardly any planning involved, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Emphasis on direct collaboration makes it tricky to implement with remote teams.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1293\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Crystal-min.png\" alt=\"Crystal\" class=\"wp-image-10403\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Crystal-min.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Crystal-min-278x300.png 278w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Crystal-min-950x1024.png 950w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Crystal-min-768x828.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Crystal-min-11x12.png 11w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Crystal<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 id=\"pm-methodology-17-feature-driven-development-fdd\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">PM methodology #17: Feature-Driven Development (FDD)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\"><strong>FDD, in short<\/strong>: An iterative agile framework that emphasizes quality throughout all phases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Feature-driven development (FDD) doesn\u2019t enjoy the popularity of Scrum. Still, it is a noteworthy agile framework suitable for large and long-term software development projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">FDD revolves around following best engineering practices to deliver quality software in short increments. It is a client-centric framework that focuses on developing new features both efficiently and consistently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">According to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/en\/book\/show\/1268218\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>A Practical Guide to Feature-Driven Development<\/em><\/a>, FDD is an adaptive and highly iterative process that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Highlights quality in each step,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Aims to deliver tangible, functional results in frequent increments,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Reduces disruption and overhead for developers by enabling meaningful status and progress reporting, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Provides easy-to-understand progress reports and real results early \u2014 which <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/stakeholder-in-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project stakeholders<\/a> love to see.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The 5 steps in the FDD process are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Develop an overall model,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Build a features list,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Plan by feature,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Design by feature, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Build by feature.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The best practices linked to FDD include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Saving time on uncovering which features and functions to add with domain object modeling,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">&nbsp;Developing by feature in short increments of time,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Practicing individual class (code) ownership,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Assigning sets of features to feature teams,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Performing inspections to find defects,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Identifying the features\u2019 source code and documenting the changes (configuration management),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Maintaining a regular build schedule, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Providing regular progress reports on the completed work.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"advantages-of-feature-driven-development\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Advantages of Feature-Driven Development<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The most significant advantages of FDD are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It\u2019s a scalable framework that works well for complex, large, and long-term projects,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">FDD breaks down work into smaller, more manageable chunks and frequent iterations,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The team communicates via documentation, so there are fewer meetings, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Domain object modeling provides an excellent insight into the overall project scope and context.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"disadvantages-of-feature-driven-development\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Disadvantages of Feature-Driven Development<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">However, FDD comes with some disadvantages too:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It\u2019s not suitable for small projects and is tricky to implement in older systems,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">You need a large enough team to cover all the FDD project roles,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">No shared team ownership,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The client doesn\u2019t get access to the documentation, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The project\u2019s success is highly dependent on the chief programmer, who takes over multiple roles throughout the project.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"782\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Feature-Driven-Development-min.png\" alt=\"Feature-Driven Development\" class=\"wp-image-10404\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Feature-Driven-Development-min.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Feature-Driven-Development-min-300x196.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Feature-Driven-Development-min-1024x667.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Feature-Driven-Development-min-768x500.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Feature-Driven-Development-min-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Feature-Driven Development<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 id=\"pm-methodology-18-dynamic-systems-development-method-dsdm\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">PM methodology #18: Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\"><strong>DSDM, in short<\/strong>: An agile framework that focuses on governance and discipline throughout the project life cycle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM) is an incremental and iterative agile approach to project management.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">When it was first introduced, DSDM was used for software development, given that it was based on Rapid Application Development. Its purpose was to provide a more disciplined approach to software development.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Since then, DSDM has become a standalone framework suitable for other types of projects too. Its implementation is based on the following 8 principles:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Focus on the business need,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Deliver on time,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Collaborate,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Never compromise quality,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Build incrementally,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Develop iteratively,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Communicate continuously, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Demonstrate control.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">DSDM usually boils down to these 5 phases:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Feasibility study,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Business study,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Functional model\/prototype iteration,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Design and build iteration, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Implementation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"advantages-of-dynamic-systems-development-method\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Advantages of Dynamic Systems Development Method<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The advantages of using DSDM for your projects are that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It focuses on the whole project, not just the product development and delivery,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It\u2019s fully scalable,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It makes complex projects less risky,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It\u2019s easy to understand and thus implement,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Real business value is one of its main goals, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It can be used alongside other agile approaches.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"disadvantages-of-dynamic-systems-development-method\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Disadvantages of Dynamic Systems Development Method<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">DSDM has a few disadvantages too:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It can be expensive to implement, so it\u2019s not ideal for smaller organizations with limited budgets,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">There\u2019s a large management overhead, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Developers may find it creatively restricting.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"811\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Dynamic-Systems-Development-Method-min.png\" alt=\"Dynamic Systems Development Method\" class=\"wp-image-10405\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Dynamic-Systems-Development-Method-min.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Dynamic-Systems-Development-Method-min-300x203.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Dynamic-Systems-Development-Method-min-1024x692.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Dynamic-Systems-Development-Method-min-768x519.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Dynamic-Systems-Development-Method-min-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Dynamic Systems Development Method<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 id=\"pm-methodology-19-projects-integrating-sustainable-methods-prism\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">PM methodology #19: PRojects Integrating Sustainable Methods (PRiSM)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\"><strong>PRiSM, in short<\/strong>: Sustainable project management suitable for any sector or organization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">PRiSM\u2122 (PRojects integrating Sustainable Methods) is a newer project management methodology that focuses on ensuring process and product sustainability.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The methodology encompasses sustainable development principles. These are used in combination with generally accepted PM principles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">PRiSM focuses on the entire asset lifecycle and employs a 5-step approach:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Pre-project,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Discovery,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Design,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Delivery, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Closure.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">One of the major differences between PRiSM and traditional project management is that it requires an impact analysis. This analysis is done under the P5 standard, which helps manage and implement projects more sustainably.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In line with that, the PRiSM methodology focuses on these 6 principles for making sustainable changes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Commitment and accountability,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Ethics and decision-making,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Integration and transparency,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Principle and values-based development,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Social and ecological equity, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Economic prosperity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"advantages-of-the-prism-methodology\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Advantages of the PRiSM methodology<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Some of the most important advantages of PRiSM include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Positive environmental impact (less waste, lower energy consumption, etc.), and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Better company reputation due to being more socially responsible.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"disadvantages-of-the-prism-methodology\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Disadvantages of the PRiSM methodology<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The disadvantages of PRiSM are that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It\u2019s expensive to implement since you need to be accredited for it, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It cannot be applied to just one project or team \u2014 the whole company must accept it and adhere to its principles and practices.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1095\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/PRiSM-min.png\" alt=\"PRiSM\" class=\"wp-image-10406\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/PRiSM-min.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/PRiSM-min-300x274.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/PRiSM-min-1024x934.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/PRiSM-min-768x701.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/PRiSM-min-13x12.png 13w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">PRiSM<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 id=\"pm-methodology-20-event-chain-methodology-ecm\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">PM methodology #20: Event Chain Methodology (ECM)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\"><strong>ECM, in short<\/strong>: An uncertainty and risk-mitigating approach focusing on events and how they relate to each other in a project schedule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">As a schedule network analysis technique, Event Chain Methodology (ECM) is more of an approach that evaluates uncertainty related to project schedules.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The goals of ECM are to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Identify unforeseen events that may occur throughout the project life cycle,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Come up with a plan to manage these events, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Track and review event interrelationships to see how they could impact the project schedule.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">ECM revolves around the following 6 principles, as outlined in a paper on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/338498700_Application_of_Event_Chain_Methodology_in_Schedule_Risk_Analysis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">application of ECM in schedule risk analysis<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Moment of event and excitation,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Event chains,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Event chain diagrams,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Monte Carlo analysis,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Critical event chains, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Performance measurement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"advantages-of-event-chain-methodology\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Advantages of Event Chain Methodology<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The most important advantages of using ECM is that it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Provides better insight into risk analysis and risk event probability,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Allows for more accurate and simplified risk and uncertainty management, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Reduces cognitive and motivational biases linked to project scheduling.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"disadvantages-of-event-chain-methodology\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Disadvantages of Event Chain Methodology<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The disadvantages of ECM are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It\u2019s not an all-encompassing method but rather focuses on project scheduling, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">It entails analyzing a significant amount of information.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"799\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Event-Chain-Methodology-min.png\" alt=\"Event Chain Methodology\" class=\"wp-image-10407\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Event-Chain-Methodology-min.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Event-Chain-Methodology-min-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Event-Chain-Methodology-min-1024x682.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Event-Chain-Methodology-min-768x511.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Event-Chain-Methodology-min-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Event Chain Methodology<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 id=\"how-to-classify-project-management-methodologies\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">How to classify project management methodologies<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">According to a paper on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Andrew-Spowage\/publication\/233835849_Classifying_Defining_Project_Management_Methodologies\/links\/02e7e518734eb2bdb3000000\/Classifying-Defining-Project-Management-Methodologies.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">classification of project management methodologies<\/a>, we can split PMMs into 2 categories:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Project management methodologies<\/strong> \u2014 offer high-level project frameworks, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Application development methodologies<\/strong> \u2014 cover project design and development.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">However, the same research classifies PMMs further according to specificity in 5 levels:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Level 1 <\/strong>\u2014 Best practices, standards, and guidelines,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Level 2 <\/strong>\u2014 Sector-specific methodology,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Level 3<\/strong> \u2014 Organization-specific, customized methodology,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Level 4<\/strong> \u2014 Project-specific methodology, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Level 5<\/strong> \u2014 Individualized methodology.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"864\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/PM-methodology-classification-min.png\" alt=\"Classification of project management methodologies\" class=\"wp-image-10408\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/PM-methodology-classification-min.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/PM-methodology-classification-min-300x216.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/PM-methodology-classification-min-1024x737.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/PM-methodology-classification-min-768x553.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/PM-methodology-classification-min-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Classification of project management methodologies<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Let\u2019s go through these levels in more detail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"level-1-best-practices-standards-and-guidelines\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Level #1 \u2014 Best practices, standards, and guidelines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">This group is usually called \u201cmethodologies\u201d, but that\u2019s not entirely accurate. According to that same paper, many prominent authors believe that they are \u201cencyclopedias\u201d of best practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">A true methodology has organizational or sector-specific characteristics \u2014 and that\u2019s what these best practices lack.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\"><strong>Example of a Level 1 methodology<\/strong> \u2014 Project Management Institute\u2019s Body of Knowledge (PMBOK)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"level-2-sector-specific-methodology\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Level #2 \u2014 Sector-specific methodology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Project management methodologies have to adapt to specific industry requirements, rules, and regulations. As Level 1 PMMs are no match for that purpose, they can be adapted into Level 2 PMMs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">To build a sector-specific methodology, we have to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Select suitable Level 1 PMM elements,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Add sector-specific components to them, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Match them to the sector\u2019s natural workflow.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The sector-specific components would stem from rules, regulations, and best practices of the said sector.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Therefore, Level 2 methodologies are not a one-size-fits-all solution. Instead, they\u2019re specific to the sector they\u2019re developed and applied in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\"><strong>Example of a Level 2 methodology<\/strong> \u2014 Scrum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"level-3-organization-specific-customized-methodology\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Level #3 \u2014 Organization-specific, customized methodology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Level 3 PMMs are specially customized for a specific organization.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">These methodologies are meant to support the nature and requirements of projects one particular organization deals with. Moreover, they are adapted for the organization\u2019s internal structure and strategy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\"><strong>Example of a Level 3 methodology<\/strong> \u2014 Rational Unified Process (RUP).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"level-4-project-specific-methodology\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Level #4 \u2014 Project-specific methodology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">At Level 4, we have a project management methodology adjusted to the needs of the particular types of projects an organization might pursue.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The aim of a Level 4 PMM is to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Provide a clear understanding of the project scope,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Highlight everything that needs to be done,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Clarify how the project fits in among the organization&#8217;s goals, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Lend tools and techniques to the project team that\u2019ll take them to the finish line.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Projects in an organization can differ according to their nature and size, so level 4 PMMs must be scalable. Organizations cannot be expected to create a new methodology for each new project they handle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Instead, the goal is to develop a methodology that\u2019s organization and project-specific \u2014 but still flexible enough to be tailored to any given project.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\"><strong>Example of a Level 4 methodology<\/strong> \u2014 an adaptive approach such as Agile modified to fit company-specific projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"level-5-individualized-methodology\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Level #5 \u2014 Individualized methodology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">At the high end of the specificity spectrum, we have an individualized methodology. This methodology caters to the needs of individual projects.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Dealing with any given project, in any environment, requires handling a certain volume of complexity. A Level 5 PMM gives all team members an efficient framework for how to fulfill their roles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\"><strong>Example of Level 5 methodology<\/strong> \u2014 a project management methodology adjusted specifically to the needs of a company\u2019s marketing team.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">This categorization effectively resolves some of the confusion related to different project management approaches being deemed a \u201cmethodology\u201d, \u201cphilosophy\u201d, or a \u201cframework\u201d.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Instead, we can refer to all of these as methodologies, only with differing levels of specificity.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"how-to-choose-the-right-project-management-methodology\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">How to choose the right project management methodology<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Here\u2019s a breakdown of top PMMs to help you choose the ideal methodology for your team:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"602\" height=\"2560\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Project-management-methodologies-2-scaled.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10443\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Project-management-methodologies-2-scaled.png 602w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Project-management-methodologies-2-241x1024.png 241w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Project-management-methodologies-2-768x3264.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Project-management-methodologies-2-361x1536.png 361w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Project-management-methodologies-2-3x12.png 3w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">However, to choose the right project management methodology, it\u2019s not enough just to compare them.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">You should first start by evaluating your project goals and what could help you achieve them.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Once you\u2019ve clarified that, you can go through known applications of several PMMs and choose the one most suited to your needs.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">For instance, the expert we reached out to, David O\u2019Brien, has a particular set of reasons he favors Scrum:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien.png\" alt=\"David-O'Brien\" class=\"wp-image-2910\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien.png 800w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/David-OBrien-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cI have worked within multiple methodologies and frameworks over the years. However, my favorite approach is Scrum. Scrum is very flexible and allows for incremental planning to take place. This creates a dynamic work environment where planning and implementation and reviewing are constantly happening. Everyone is learning, the team is bonding, and velocity\/productivity is on the rise constantly.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">That said, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/george-earley-pmp-69b7b314a\/\" target=\"_blank\">George Earley<\/a>, a PMP-certified project manager specializing in nonprofits and corporate project management, suggests that project managers don\u2019t have to fixate on a particular methodology or framework, but can instead opt for a <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/hybrid-project-management\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/hybrid-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">hybrid project management<\/a> approach:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/George-Earley.png\" alt=\"George Earley\" class=\"wp-image-2934\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/George-Earley.png 800w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/George-Earley-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/George-Earley-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/George-Earley-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/George-Earley-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cMost trained project managers should be adaptable to a variety of frameworks so they can react based on the product they are developing. Working with project managers who can fit the right blend of hybrid approaches to the right project can be make-or-break to complicated projects and result in efficiency and savings when chosen correctly, or waste and delays if you get it wrong.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The decision often boils down to what you want to accomplish with the PMM. To understand this, your team and you should ask yourselves these 5 questions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">What are our goals for this project?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">What resources are available?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">What deadline are we working with?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">How many team members do we have and how can they contribute?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">What are the risks and rewards of using a certain methodology?&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"question-1-what-are-our-goals-for-this-project\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Question #1: What are our goals for this project?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">If you\u2019re trying to put a rocket into space, you probably won\u2019t put \u201coffice decorations\u201d at the top of your list of priorities. So, to know how to organize your approach to the project, you must decide on your project goals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"example-of-asking-about-project-goals\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Example of asking about project goals&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Mikayla leads a team of 4 software engineers as the Scrum Master. She has organized a meeting with clients and developers to discuss questions about project requirements, goals, resources, and deadlines.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The first and most important question she asks is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cWhat should our goal be?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In conversations with developers, who help determine what\u2019s possible and what needs to be adjusted, clients finally settle on a goal \u2014 to build a ski gear e-commerce app.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"question-2-what-resources-are-available\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Question #2: What resources are available?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Once you know what needs to be done, consider the resources you can get your hands on.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Your project resources will include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The approved budget for project realization,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Logistics of putting the project into development and distribution, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The number and profile of the team members you\u2019ll need.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"example-of-asking-about-available-resources\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Example of asking about available resources<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">After defining the main purpose of the project, Mikayla follows up by asking the clients:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cWhat resources are you willing to provide?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">When the clients respond, she asks her team members:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cWhat resources do we bring to the table?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Following a discussion, the team can note down the total resources that will be available for the duration of the project.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"question-3-what-deadlines-are-we-working-with\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Question #3: What deadlines are we working with?&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Do you have a deadline, and if you do \u2014 how strict is it?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Is it just a vague notion of \u201cwe need to get this done at some point,\u201d or are there dates and hours involved?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Vague and ill-defined <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/project-deadline\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project deadlines<\/a> usually lead to little to no work being done. That said, deadlines that are too tight and have expectations of perfection can lead to employee burnout.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Balance is the key. Several project management methodologies suggest having a set deadline but allowing \u201cbuffer\u201d room for mistakes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"example-of-asking-about-deadlines\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Example of asking about deadlines<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Mikayla now decides to ask the clients:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cWhen do you expect this app to launch? If unexpected delays occur, will this affect you greatly?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The clients go on to say when they expect the app to be completed. However, they note that the date is not set in stone and can be pushed back if needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"question-4-how-many-team-members-do-we-have-and-how-can-they-contribute\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Question #4: How many team members do we have and how can they contribute?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Depending on how large the project is, you may need to gather a larger team around it.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Still, you need to go through each team member\u2019s profile and determine how they can contribute. You should know more about their areas of expertise and level of experience before assigning them with appropriate roles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"example-of-asking-about-team-member-contributions\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Example of asking about team member contributions<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">With all prerequisites set, Mikayla first asks her team members:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cHow would you like to contribute to this project?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">When she gets the answers, she decides if these contributions are appropriate.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">At this point, she can also consider whether someone can take on additional responsibilities or delegate some to other team members.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"question-5-what-are-the-risks-and-rewards-of-using-a-certain-methodology\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Question #5: What are the risks and rewards of using a certain methodology?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">When you\u2019ve answered all of these questions, you can assess the methodologies and frameworks we listed in the previous section.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Creating a comparison chart would help you get a good overview of all the PMMs and their pros and cons. However, remember to do a risk and reward analysis as well to ensure your final choice is nothing short of ideal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The PMM you go for should enable you to achieve your goals using the set resources and within the deadline.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Consider, however, whether your team would know how to use a certain PMM to its full potential.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Don\u2019t just focus on the positives \u2014 think about how the PMM and your team members\u2019 profile would complement each other.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"example-of-choosing-a-methodology\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Example of choosing a methodology<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Having collected all the necessary information about her project, Mikayla goes on to create a detailed comparison chart.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">She lists all the pros and cons of each potential PMM that could be used on the project. Furthermore, she considers the risks and rewards her team can expect from it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In this case, she decides that the most appropriate approach would be \u2014 Scrumban.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The use of Kanban boards has proved to be effective, so this element aligns well with her team\u2019s project development process.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">She finds that Scrumban is also a perfect fit for effective communication in her team \u2014 and an approach her team is used to.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Better yet, Scrumban would enable her team to provide early <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/deliverable-in-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\">project deliverables<\/a>, which would be a big plus for the customers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Here\u2019s a quick reference guide to some of the most popular PMMs and the types of teams and projects they serve:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"939\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/How-to-choose-the-right-project-management-methodology-min-939x1024.png\" alt=\"How to choose the best project management methodology for your team\" class=\"wp-image-10410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/How-to-choose-the-right-project-management-methodology-min-939x1024.png 939w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/How-to-choose-the-right-project-management-methodology-min-275x300.png 275w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/How-to-choose-the-right-project-management-methodology-min-768x837.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/How-to-choose-the-right-project-management-methodology-min-11x12.png 11w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/How-to-choose-the-right-project-management-methodology-min.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 939px) 100vw, 939px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">How to choose the best project management methodology for your team<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 id=\"conclusion-choose-a-pmm-that-fits-your-projects-needs\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Conclusion: Choose a PMM that fits your project\u2019s needs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Many popular project management methodologies seem like branches with a common root as they\u2019re based around similar concepts. However, some have a completely unique approach.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">When choosing a methodology, you must ensure its features are compatible with the type of project you wish to complete.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The first step is to have a clear understanding of your requirements.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Once you have that, you can compare the different approaches to determine which option fits you and your projects best.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The final step is to choose a <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/project-management-software\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project management software<\/a> that makes using the approach practically effortless.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">We\u2019ve provided a basic overview of some of the more popular project management methodologies you can choose from today.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Hopefully, this guide will help you make a more informed decision and ensure your project\u2019s needs align with the benefits of your chosen methodology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\n<div class=\"banner banner-dark plaky-gradient-landing-3\">\n    <div class=\"banner-text lg:pr-[6rem]\">\n        <h2 class=\"translation-block text-2xl !mb-4\">Free project management software<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"translation-block !text-sm\">Get organized, meet deadlines, and never miss a thing. Try Plaky.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"banner-buttons d-flex space-x-4 translation-block\">\n            <a class=\"rounded-md px-6 py-2 bg-white\" href=\"https:\/\/app.plaky.com\/signup\" target=\"_blank\">Sign up<\/a>\n\n                            <a class=\"button-2\" href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/apps\" target=\"_blank\">Download<\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"banner-image banner-image-middle \">\n        <picture>\n            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/plaky\/banners\/landing-3@2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Illustration\"  media=\"(min-width: 1022px)\" \/>\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/plaky\/banners\/landing-3.png\"  alt=\"Illustration\" \/>\n        <\/picture>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\">\ud83d\udcd6 Project management methodologies are not the only concepts you need to understand to master successful project management \u2014 for a better understanding of common project management terminology, check out our <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/glossary\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Project Management Glossary of Terms<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Popular project management methodologies and frameworks include Waterfall, PRINCE2, Critical Chain Project Management, Six Sigma, Crystal, PRiSM.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":7244,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-109","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-project-management-methodologies","category-project-management"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=109"}],"version-history":[{"count":73,"href":"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11653,"href":"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109\/revisions\/11653"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7244"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=109"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=109"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=109"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}