{"id":1013,"date":"2022-06-13T13:07:35","date_gmt":"2022-06-13T13:07:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/?p=1013"},"modified":"2023-07-21T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-07-21T00:00:00","slug":"critical-chain-project-management","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/es\/project-management\/critical-chain-project-management\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la gesti\u00f3n de proyectos por cadena cr\u00edtica (CCPM)?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Critical chain project management (CCPM) is a <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/project-management-methodologies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project management methodology<\/a> that helps <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/what-project-managers-do\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project managers<\/a> identify both task and resource dependencies to ensure successful project completion.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">CCPM can be thought of as a response to the critical path method (CPM) \u2014 a project scheduling algorithm that effectively calculates <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/project-deadline\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project deadlines<\/a> based on task duration, but treats every other <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/project-resources\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project resource<\/a> as if it were infinite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Unlike CPM, CCPM considers finite resources such as people, equipment, and physical space as the key <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/project-constraints\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project constraints<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In our guide to critical chain project management, we\u2019ll explain:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The critical chain and its components,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The difference between CCPM and CPM,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">How to manage projects using CCPM, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The advantages and disadvantages of CCPM.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">We\u2019ll also include an example of CCPM so that you get a better understanding of how you could apply this approach to your future projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Let\u2019s start!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-project-management-cover-1024x512.png\" alt=\"Critical chain project management - cover\" class=\"wp-image-7250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-project-management-cover-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-project-management-cover-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-project-management-cover-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-project-management-cover-18x9.png 18w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-project-management-cover.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"what-is-the-critical-chain-in-project-management\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">What is the critical chain in project management?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><strong>The critical chain is the longest sequence of tasks in a project once the schedule has been leveled for resources.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The idea of a critical chain originated in 1997 in the business novel <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/book\/show\/848514.Critical_Chain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Critical Chain<\/em><\/a> written by Eliyahu M. Goldratt, an Israeli business management guru.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The critical chain method is derived from Goldratt\u2019s Theory of Constraints (TOC). Goldratt introduced this theory in another business novel way back in 1984.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Since the main focus of CCPM are task dependencies and resource constraints, the critical chain is also a sequence of <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/dependencies-in-project-management\/#Resource_dependencies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">resource-dependent tasks<\/a> that incorporates time buffers throughout the project.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In general, CCPM may be more suitable for complex projects that involve various constraints and dependencies. As it takes into account so many uncertainties, its use of buffers should essentially cushion the blow of any changes and ensure the project gets completed on time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Most notably, CCPM deals with the following issues we can often encounter in <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/what-is-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project management<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Parkinson\u2019s law,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Student syndrome, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Multitasking.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"issue-1-parkinsons-law\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Issue #1: Parkinson\u2019s law<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Coined by naval historian C. Northcote Parkinson in 1955, Parkinson\u2019s law states that <em>\u201c\u2026work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion\u201d<\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">When we consider this from a project management perspective, it means the project team will take longer to finish their tasks if they are given a lengthier deadline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Knowing they have plenty of time, they will procrastinate and finish the tasks just before the end date. Alternatively, they\u2019ll just take their sweet time doing the tasks to fill the allocated time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Sometimes, the team might also resort to <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/gold-plating-in-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">gold plating<\/a> \u2014 adding extra features outside of the agreed-on <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/scope-in-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project scope<\/a> \u2014 because they have extra time on their hands and would like to perhaps impress the client. But gold plating can be rather harmful to the whole project\u2019s performance, as it can ultimately:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Cause delays,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Make the project cost more, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Upset the client.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"issue-2-student-syndrome\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Issue #2: Student syndrome<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The student syndrome is also known as planned procrastination, and it entails starting a task as late as possible. This induces a level of urgency that spurs a person into action to get the task done on time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The syndrome got its name from students because they often resort to this kind of procrastination. It was introduced by Goldratt in his book on the critical chain method as one of the mechanisms that waste a project\u2019s safety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"issue-3-multitasking\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Issue #3: Multitasking<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In his book, Goldratt also mentions multitasking as <em>\u201cprobably the biggest killer of <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/blog\/kpi-project-management\/#KPI_13_Lead_time\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>lead time<\/em><\/a><em>\u201d<\/em>. As the term says, this involves doing multiple tasks at the same time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The fast-paced world we live in has given way to multitasking and proclaimed it as one of the best ways to increase productivity. However, a study showed only <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.3758\/PBR.17.4.479\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2.5% of people can multitask<\/a> properly \u2014 while others actually decrease their performance due to doing more than one task at a time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Neuropsychologist Cynthia Kubu, Ph.D. has also said that <a href=\"https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/science-clear-multitasking-doesnt-work\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">people are wired to be monotaskers<\/a>. In an article for Cleveland Clinic, she explained most of us aren\u2019t multitasking at all:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\"><em>\u201cWhen we think we\u2019re multitasking, most often we aren\u2019t really doing two things at once. But instead, we\u2019re doing individual actions in rapid succession, or task-switching.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\n<div class=\"banner banner-dark plaky-gradient-landing-3\">\n    <div class=\"banner-text lg:pr-[6rem]\">\n        <h2 class=\"translation-block text-2xl !mb-4\">Free project management software<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"translation-block !text-sm\">Tailor your workflow to suit your needs \u2014 let the tool work for you. Try Plaky by CAKE.com.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"banner-buttons d-flex space-x-4 translation-block\">\n            <a class=\"rounded-md px-6 py-2 bg-white\" href=\"https:\/\/app.plaky.com\/signup\" target=\"_blank\">Sign up<\/a>\n\n                            <a class=\"button-2\" href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more<\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"banner-image banner-image-middle \">\n        <picture>\n            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/plaky\/banners\/landing-3@2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Illustration\"  media=\"(min-width: 1022px)\" \/>\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/plaky\/banners\/landing-3.png\"  alt=\"Illustration\" \/>\n        <\/picture>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"what-are-the-components-of-a-critical-chain\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">What are the components of a critical chain?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The critical chain consists of 3 main parts:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The critical chain,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The feeding chain, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The buffers.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Let\u2019s go through each of these in more detail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"critical-chain\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Critical chain<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">As mentioned, the critical chain represents the longest string of tasks in the project schedule that takes into account task dependencies and resource constraints.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In contrast, the critical path is the longest sequence of dependent tasks in a project whose only constraint is time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">When we want to implement the critical chain method in project management, one of the major steps is critical path analysis.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The critical path can serve as the starting point for critical chain project management. It shows us what the ideal task sequencing would look like if time were the only constraint and all other resources were unlimited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">With task durations as the only project constraint, we can use CPM to calculate the optimal critical path. However, the goal of CCPM is not to find the most optimal critical chain \u2014 but one that\u2019s good enough to see the project through.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Once you level the resources \u2014 adjust the schedule to take constraints other than time into considerations \u2014 the critical path transforms into the critical chain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"feeding-chain\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Feeding chain<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The feeding chain is a non-critical chain \u2014 an additional chain of dependent tasks that runs alongside the critical path. It consists of tasks that must happen at the same time as the tasks on the critical chain so that the critical chain doesn\u2019t experience any delays.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The tasks on the feeding chain don\u2019t affect the critical path, but you still have to finish them on time to complete the project. So, this chain has its own buffer \u2014 feeding buffer \u2014 that ensures the task sequence is finished on time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">You can schedule tasks on the feeding chain as early or as late as possible, depending on what your circumstances are.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">For example, if there\u2019s lots of uncertainty or the tasks will cost a lot, it might make sense to schedule them as late as possible.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">However, if you\u2019re not actually getting paid for the project unless you\u2019re doing something tangible, i.e., bringing earned value, scheduling them as early as possible might be a better option.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Either way, the critical path and feeding chain are mainly conditioned by resource availability. This ultimately determines the task schedule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"buffers\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Buffers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">We use buffers as safety measures in critical chain project management. Their purpose is to ensure the project\u2019s success by protecting the project timeline and deadline in case something goes wrong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">According to a paper on <a href=\"https:\/\/pure.manchester.ac.uk\/ws\/portalfiles\/portal\/54566800\/FULL_TEXT.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">resource buffers in CCPM<\/a>, the most common buffer types in critical chain project management in a <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/blog\/project-environment\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">single-project environment<\/a> are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Project buffer,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Feeding buffer, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Resource buffer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"project-buffer\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Project buffer<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">A project buffer is an explicit, pooled time buffer that\u2019s added at the end of the project to preserve the project\u2019s duration. This buffer makes sure the project ends at the date you communicated to the <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/stakeholder-in-project-management\/#Stakeholders_vs_key_project_stakeholders\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">key project stakeholders<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"feeding-buffer\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Feeding buffer<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">A feeding buffer goes between the feeding chain and the critical chain and prevents any disruptions from affecting the feeding chain. At the same time, it safeguards the critical chain from delays that may come up due to problems on the feeding chain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The key part to remember here is that you don\u2019t add a feeding buffer after each individual activity on the feeding chain.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Instead, you include it after the last activity \u2014 before the feeding chain merges with the critical chain. This gives the <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/project-roles\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project team<\/a> enough time to tie up any loose ends.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"resource-buffer\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Resource buffer<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Resource buffers refer to critical resources \u2014 such as people, space, and equipment \u2014 that are necessary for project completion. This makes them rather different from the other 2 types of buffers, as they don\u2019t necessarily cost more money or take up more time in the project network.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Project managers distribute resource buffers throughout the critical chain to ensure appropriate resources availability for each task. They act as a warning signal \u2014 a wake-up call \u2014 for the critical resources so that they make themselves available in time for the upcoming task.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Effectively, resource buffers protect the critical chain from potential resource unavailability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Another type of resource buffer you could use in CCPM is a capacity constraint buffer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In his <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/book\/show\/1105347.Critical_Chain_Project_Management\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">book on critical chain project management<\/a>, Lawrence P. Leach describes the capacity constraint resource as <em>\u201cthe resource that is most often overloaded\u201d<\/em>. This sort of constraint is common in multi-project environments, so a dedicated buffer is added between individual project schedules to ensure the resource is available for its scheduled use.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Such a buffer could also be used within a single project, but it\u2019s a rarity. The buffer would add to the expenses, which would likely go against any organization&#8217;s cost management principles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pro-tip\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\ud83d\udca1 <strong>Plaky Pro Tip<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Another way to ensure resource availability is to become an expert in capacity planning. Learn what that entails and which strategies you could use in the post below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/blog\/capacity-planning\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Capacity Planning 101 \u2014 What It Is and How to Use It<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"the-difference-between-the-critical-chain-and-the-critical-path\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">The difference between the critical chain and the critical path<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The main difference between the critical path method and critical chain project management is their focus. While CPM emphasizes task durations, CCPM highlights efficient <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/blog\/resource-allocation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">resource allocation<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Another difference is in the extra time you get with each method.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In CPM, you calculate <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/float-in-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project float<\/a> \u2014 the extra time you can dedicate to tasks without jeopardizing the project schedule.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In CCPM, however, you intentionally add buffers as contingencies to prevent schedule disruptions and allow for more flexibility for the entire project, non-critical activities as a whole, or resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Here are some other ways CPM and CCPM differ:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Critical path method (CPM)<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Critical chain project management (CCPM)<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Static method<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Dynamic method<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Focuses on <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/blog\/what-is-task-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">task management<\/a><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Focuses on resource and buffer management<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Emphasizes each assignment<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Emphasizes the end goal<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Assumes all resources are infinite<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Knows resources have limited availability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Zero float (extra time) for the activities on the critical path<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Activities on the critical chain can make use of the project buffer<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">If a task is finished early, there\u2019s a delay until the early start of the next task<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">If a task is finished early, you can move onto the next task right away<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Individuals can be assigned to complete multiple tasks at the same time<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Multitasking is prohibited, with individuals focusing on a single task at a time<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Focuses on early and late start and finish dates<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Focuses on fast delivery and only 1 start and end date<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">If an activity on the critical path requires more time, delays are inevitable<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Real-time monitoring and buffer allocation encourage the timely completion of critical chain activities<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The expert we talked to, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/janschiller\/\" target=\"_blank\">Jan Schiller<\/a>, Partner and Chief Project Officer at Berkshire Consulting LLC, actually defines CCPM as CPM + resource management. As a regular user of CCPM, she explained:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Jan-Schiller.jpeg\" alt=\"Jan Schiller\" class=\"wp-image-3032\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Jan-Schiller.jpeg 500w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Jan-Schiller-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Jan-Schiller-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Jan-Schiller-12x12.jpeg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201c[&#8230;] launching a project without understanding the project&#8217;s resource demands in the context of the organization&#8217;s resource capacity and capabilities is a certain sign of struggling with success. A project manager should consider all elements that constrain a project; schedule (critical path) and resources (CCPM) are just two of the biggest constraints (both of which influence project cost relative to budget). I have contributed to the success of many organizations by applying CCPM because the organization is doing just that: launching projects without resource context.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pro-tip\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\ud83d\udca1 <strong>Plaky Pro Tip<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">To learn more about the critical path method, check out the following guide:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/critical-path-method\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Critical Path Method (CPM) in Project Management: Explained<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"how-to-manage-projects-with-ccpm-in-5-steps\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">How to manage projects with CCPM in 5 steps<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The following 5 steps are the most basic ones you need to follow to effectively manage projects using CCPM:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Find the critical path,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Make aggressive estimates,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Level the resources,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Implement buffers, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Focus on the critical chain and monitor progress.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"step-1-find-the-critical-path\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Step #1: Find the critical path<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Since you can think of CCPM as an extension of CPM, it should come as no surprise that calculating the critical path is the first step in using critical chain project management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">While critical paths rarely coincide with critical chains in practice, we can still use them as a functional starting point for finding critical chains.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">After all, it\u2019s easier to take an existing framework and correct it for limited resource availability than it is to create a critical chain from scratch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">To find the critical path, you need to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Create a project work breakdown structure (WBS),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Create a CPM diagram,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Perform the forward pass (used to calculate the early start and early finish values for each project task), and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Perform the backward pass (used to calculate the late start, late finish, and total float for each project task).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">When making the diagram, take into account task dependencies. These will show which tasks depend on the completion of other tasks and help you determine their order in the project.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"815\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-path-diagram-with-safe-estimates-1.png\" alt=\"Critical path diagram with safe estimates\" class=\"wp-image-10245\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-path-diagram-with-safe-estimates-1.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-path-diagram-with-safe-estimates-1-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-path-diagram-with-safe-estimates-1-1024x695.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-path-diagram-with-safe-estimates-1-768x522.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-path-diagram-with-safe-estimates-1-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Critical path diagram with safe estimates<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pro-tip\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\ud83d\udca1 <strong>Plaky Pro Tip<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">For further reading on WBS and all it entails, check out the guide below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/work-breakdown-structure-in-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) in Project Management<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"step-2-make-aggressive-estimates\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Step #2: Make aggressive estimates<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">CCPM uses a 2-point estimate system and distinguishes between 2 types of estimates: safe and aggressive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Safe estimates are the subjective assessments of the project team \u2014 task durations they can comfortably commit to.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">These guesses inherently have a safety cushion to them that may unnecessarily prolong the project or give way to Parkinson\u2019s law and student syndrome.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Aggressive estimates are, in contrast, much riskier but potentially achievable target durations.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Goldratt suggests using 50% of the safe estimates as task durations throughout the project. So, we get these estimates by cutting each estimated task sequence (both critical and non-critical) by 50%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Essentially, aggressive estimates are estimates we make with 50% confidence in their completion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">CCPM uses aggressive estimates because they increase urgency and potentially improve efficiency. They\u2019re one of the lines of defense in CCPM against student syndrome and Parkinson\u2019s law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">One thing to keep in mind here is that CCPM favors backward planning. So, when estimating task duration, start with the target end date. This way, you will know how late you can start the project but still meet the target end date.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Once you have the critical path and the aggressive estimates, you can assign resources to each task to know how many and which types of resources you\u2019ll need to see the project through to the end.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"815\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-path-diagram-with-aggressive-estimates-1.png\" alt=\"Critical path diagram with aggressive estimates\" class=\"wp-image-10247\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-path-diagram-with-aggressive-estimates-1.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-path-diagram-with-aggressive-estimates-1-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-path-diagram-with-aggressive-estimates-1-1024x695.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-path-diagram-with-aggressive-estimates-1-768x522.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-path-diagram-with-aggressive-estimates-1-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Critical path diagram with aggressive estimates<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">As you can see from the diagram, the critical path is now 31 days long, and there are 2 non-critical paths:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Path B\u2013D\u2013H, which is 11 days long, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Path C\u2013E\u2013G, which is 4 days long.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Let\u2019s see if all that changes when we level the resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"step-3-level-the-resources\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Step #3: Level the resources<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Resource leveling is the process of resolving scheduling conflicts linked to the use of specific resources throughout the project.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">An example of this would be a key employee going on vacation in the middle of the project, or the need to use the same machine for 2 parallel activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">By leveling resources, the project manager ensures the team can complete the project with available resources and without suffering any delays. Keep in mind this is likely to entail resequencing the project tasks to resolve resource contention and avoid multitasking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">According to Dr. Mike Clayton, there are quite a few <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=IvN6kyMUe3Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ways to level resources<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Postpone the project\u2019s start date,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Extend the project\u2019s duration,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Eliminate certain tasks from the project schedule,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Split tasks up,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Bring certain tasks forward,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Allocate additional resources, or<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Find alternative resources (e.g., third-party contractors).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">As shown in this paper on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/291178133_PMBOK_and_the_critical_chain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">integration of the critical chain method in the PMBOK guide<\/a>, resource profiles can be used to help level resources in CCPM.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">These are bar charts that show us project task organization in regard to time (x-axis) and a specific resource (y-axis). Leveling the resources entails putting a limit on the y-axis and rearranging the tasks so that they never go above it.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Don\u2019t forget that you\u2019re not looking for the optimal rearrangement of tasks, as such an arrangement would be either impossible or prohibitively difficult to find.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Instead, your goal is to find a good enough arrangement of tasks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\n<div class=\"banner banner-dark plaky-gradient-landing-4\">\n    <div class=\"banner-text lg:pr-[6rem]\">\n        <h2 class=\"translation-block text-2xl !mb-4\">Free project management software<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"translation-block !text-sm\">Streamline your business \u2014 improve planning, align teams, finish tasks with Plaky by CAKE.com.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"banner-buttons d-flex space-x-4 translation-block\">\n            <a class=\"rounded-md px-6 py-2 bg-white\" href=\"https:\/\/app.plaky.com\/signup\" target=\"_blank\">Sign up<\/a>\n\n                            <a class=\"button-2\" href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more<\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"banner-image banner-image-bottom \">\n        <picture>\n            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/plaky\/banners\/landing-4@2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Illustration\"  media=\"(min-width: 1022px)\" \/>\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/plaky\/banners\/landing-4.png\"  alt=\"Illustration\" \/>\n        <\/picture>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"substep-1-level-multiple-resources-at-once\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Substep #1: Level multiple resources at once<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Since resource profiles only have 2 axes, you\u2019d think you could only use them to level a single resource at a time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">However, a few simple tricks like using color and shading can help you identify resource overuse without occupying the y-axis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">For example, you can assign a color to each member and use it to color the visual representation of resource profile tasks they are assigned to.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">This way, you can easily spot if the critical path schedule needs the same person to work on multiple tasks concurrently. You then use that information while rearranging tasks inside the resource profile.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"956\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-path-resource-profile-with-pre-leveled-resources-1.png\" alt=\"Critical path resource profile with pre-leveled resources\" class=\"wp-image-10249\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-path-resource-profile-with-pre-leveled-resources-1.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-path-resource-profile-with-pre-leveled-resources-1-300x239.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-path-resource-profile-with-pre-leveled-resources-1-1024x816.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-path-resource-profile-with-pre-leveled-resources-1-768x612.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-path-resource-profile-with-pre-leveled-resources-1-15x12.png 15w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Critical path resource profile with pre-leveled resources<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Ideally, no team member should be assigned to 2 or more tasks at the same time, as multitasking is shown to inhibit productivity.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Likewise, if you\u2019re already using colors to mark <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/blog\/improving-task-ownership\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">task ownership<\/a> but have to consider the use of physical space \u2014 let\u2019s say a conference room \u2014 as another limited resource, you can use shading to distinguish the tasks that depend on the second resource.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">This way, you can easily make sure no 2 tasks that require the use of the same conference room are scheduled at the same time.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"956\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-path-resource-profile-with-leveled-resources-1.png\" alt=\"Critical path resource profile with leveled resources\" class=\"wp-image-10251\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-path-resource-profile-with-leveled-resources-1.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-path-resource-profile-with-leveled-resources-1-300x239.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-path-resource-profile-with-leveled-resources-1-1024x816.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-path-resource-profile-with-leveled-resources-1-768x612.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-path-resource-profile-with-leveled-resources-1-15x12.png 15w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Critical path resource profile with leveled resources<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">After leveling the resources, the length of the project changed as no other resources were available to add to it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">As you can see, CCPM views multitasking as the enemy. Luckily, you can also use <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/project-management-software\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project management software<\/a> like Plaky to prevent this phenomenon.\u00a0With <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Plaky<\/a> by <a href=\"https:\/\/cake.com\/\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/cake.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CAKE.com<\/a>, you get to assign tasks to team members and monitor who\u2019s doing what task, all while ensuring no employee is assigned 2 or more tasks at the same time.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"473\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Assigning-tasks-to-people-in-Plaky.png\" alt=\"Assigning tasks to people in Plaky\" class=\"wp-image-5322\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Assigning-tasks-to-people-in-Plaky.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Assigning-tasks-to-people-in-Plaky-300x118.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Assigning-tasks-to-people-in-Plaky-1024x404.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Assigning-tasks-to-people-in-Plaky-768x303.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Assigning-tasks-to-people-in-Plaky-18x7.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Assigning tasks to people in Plaky<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Once you\u2019ve leveled the resources, you can make the project schedule and update the network diagram to see which tasks constitute the critical chain.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"814\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-diagram-1.png\" alt=\"Critical chain diagram\" class=\"wp-image-10252\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-diagram-1.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-diagram-1-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-diagram-1-1024x695.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-diagram-1-768x521.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-diagram-1-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Critical chain diagram<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In the diagram above, the critical chain is the orange dotted line, and the non-critical chain is the plain white line.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">According to the diagram, the activities on the critical chain (A\u2013C\u2013F\u2013E\u2013G\u2013I) should take 35 days to complete. That\u2019s 4 days longer than the previously calculated critical path due to a resource conflict.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Meanwhile, the tasks on the feeding chain (B\u2013D\u2013H) should take 11 days to complete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"step-4-implement-buffers\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Step #4: Implement buffers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">We know how to find the critical chain now, but there\u2019s more to CCPM than just making calculations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Namely, this project management methodology also seeks to increase performance and measure progress. We achieve both of these goals simultaneously through the use of buffers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">As mentioned, buffers are the extra resources you leave on the side in case something goes wrong and delays project tasks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Traditional project management still allocates extra time to each activity to ensure any difficulties encountered along the way don\u2019t affect the <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/project-timeline\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project timeline<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">For example, if a task is given an 8-day duration, the task can likely be completed within 4 or 5 days. The extra time is given to ensure unexpected wrinkles can still be ironed out without delaying subsequent tasks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">CCPM finds this approach suboptimal because of Parkinson\u2019s law. According to that law, if a task was assigned an 8-day duration, it would take 8 days to complete, even if it could have been completed faster on a shorter deadline and without sacrificing quality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The use of buffers (especially the project buffer) in CCPM serves the purpose of increasing performance by preventing Parkinson\u2019s law and student syndrome.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The most common way to size buffers in CCPM is to use Goldratt\u2019s proposed Cut-and-Paste method, which is based on using 50% of the safe estimate as task sequence duration.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">This method is the easiest to implement because you just have to calculate 50% of the estimated duration and add it as a project or feeding buffer at the end of the related sequence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"substep-1-add-the-project-buffer\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Substep #1: Add the project buffer<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The project buffer is the most important buffer in CCPM, as it shows you how much extra time you have to complete the tasks inside the critical chain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">To find out what your project buffer is, calculate 50% of the estimated project duration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Let\u2019s take the example from above. We\u2019ve calculated that the critical chain should take 35 days to complete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The project buffer is, therefore, 17.5 days \u2014 50% of that estimate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">While CCPM generally tries to increase productivity by shortening task durations, this buffer should help ensure the team doesn\u2019t <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/blog\/missed-deadlines-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">miss the project deadline<\/a>. When a task inside the critical chain takes longer to complete, you detract the extension from the project buffer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">After adding the buffer we calculated above, the new project duration estimate is 52.5 days.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-diagram-with-added-buffers-1.png\" alt=\"Critical chain diagram with added buffers\" class=\"wp-image-10259\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-diagram-with-added-buffers-1.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-diagram-with-added-buffers-1-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-diagram-with-added-buffers-1-1024x582.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-diagram-with-added-buffers-1-768x436.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-diagram-with-added-buffers-1-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Critical chain diagram with added buffers<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h4 id=\"substep-2-add-feeding-buffers\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Substep #2: Add feeding buffers<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Feeding (or feeder) buffers provide you with a bit more time to complete task sequences that aren\u2019t on the critical chain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The use of feeding buffers does not affect your total project buffer. Feeder buffers cannot be part of the critical chain. They can only feed into it, hence the name. However, if adding a feeder buffer would result in creating a new critical chain, make the feeder buffer shorter.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The feeding buffer is also 50% of the aggressive duration estimate of the relevant task sequence.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">So, if we go back to the example from above, the feeding buffer for the non-critical chain should be 50% of the sequence\u2019s duration (11 days) \u2014 5.5 days.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Keep in mind that the Cut-and-Paste method doesn\u2019t take into account inherent risk of the <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/blog\/project-activities\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project activities<\/a>. Thus, multiple <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/296455536_Comparative_Study_of_Alternatives_for_50_Rule_in_Critical_Chain_Project_Management\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">buffer sizing alternatives<\/a> have been suggested over the years that enable a higher level of accuracy, such as the:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Root square error method,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Adaptive procedure with resource tightness, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Adaptive procedure with density.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"substep-3-add-resource-buffers\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Substep #3: Add resource buffers<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Resource buffers are placed within the critical chain to ensure critical activities have all the resources (time, equipment, etc.) they need. So, at this stage, you\u2019d insert them in the network diagram wherever they are needed before a related activity starts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"step-5-focus-on-the-critical-chain-and-monitor-progress\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Step #5: Focus on the critical chain and monitor progress<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">By performing steps 1\u20134, you\u2019ll be able to identify the critical chain. Technically, that\u2019s enough to use CCPM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">However, none of this will function as intended unless you continuously monitor progress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">As the expert we talked to, Jan Schiller, puts it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Jan-Schiller.jpeg\" alt=\"Jan Schiller\" class=\"wp-image-3032\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Jan-Schiller.jpeg 500w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Jan-Schiller-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Jan-Schiller-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Jan-Schiller-12x12.jpeg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cUpdate the information in the work plan to keep the plan aligned with reality, which includes adding issue resolution tasks, triggered risk mitigations, and approved change request impacts as indicated.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">A key part of CCPM is proper buffer management. This includes keeping a close eye on the buffer burn rate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"substep-1-monitor-buffer-expenditure\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Substep #1: Monitor buffer expenditure<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The buffer burn rate is used to gauge how well the project is performing. You can calculate it using the following formula:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\">Buffer burn rate = % of buffer penetration \/ % of critical chain completion<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Essentially, if the rate is less than 1, you\u2019re on a good track to complete the project on time. If it\u2019s more than 1, the project is late.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Let\u2019s consider project buffer expenditure to paint a better picture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Taking the above example, if a quarter way through the critical chain (25%), the writer has used only 10% of the project buffer, they are doing well and are on the path to meeting the deadline. The buffer burn rate in that case is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\">BF = 10\/25 = 0.4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">However, if a quarter way through the project (25%), the writer has already expended 40% of the project buffer, you can take it as a sign that there is a problem and that they probably won\u2019t meet the deadline \u2014 unless you figure out what the problem is and address it. The buffer rate there is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\">BF = 40\/25 = 1.6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">For proper buffer management and project control, project managers also use a buffer fever chart.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">This chart shows the percentage of the completed project against the percentage of buffer consumption.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The chart is color-coded, with each color carrying a different meaning:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Green \u2014 the project is on schedule,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Yellow \u2014 the project is at risk, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Red \u2014 the project is late.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The chart essentially tells the project manager if they should take steps to mitigate risks and resolve problems.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"815\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-buffer-fever-chart-1.png\" alt=\"Critical chain buffer fever chart\" class=\"wp-image-10253\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-buffer-fever-chart-1.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-buffer-fever-chart-1-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-buffer-fever-chart-1-1024x695.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-buffer-fever-chart-1-768x522.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-buffer-fever-chart-1-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Critical chain buffer fever chart<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h4 id=\"substep-2-create-a-distraction-free-environment\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Substep #2: Create a distraction-free environment&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">You also must make sure the people working on the critical chain are free from distractions. The estimates are aggressive, and time is of the essence \u2014 so there\u2019s no room for accidental or intentional procrastination.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The critical chain is often likened to a relay race \u2014 a team racing competition where multiple athletes stationed at different parts of the racecourse work in sequence to carry a baton across the finish line.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The comparison is apt, with team members acting as athletes and the baton acting as tasks within the critical chain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In some CCPM teams, an actual baton \u2014 or some approximation \u2014 is passed off from person to person working on the critical chain. Seeing a team member with the baton should be taken as a sign not to disturb them with anything and to offer assistance if requested.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Virtual teams can also simulate this.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">For example, if the project team is using a <a href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">team communication tool<\/a>, they can update their status using an agreed-on baton emoji (\ud83c\udfc3). This emoji will be displayed next to their name and online status and act as the baton, similarly to how an icon of a hamburger shows when they\u2019re on lunch break.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pro-tip\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\ud83d\udca1 <strong>Plaky Pro Tip<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">How important is team communication in project management anyway, and is there a way to improve it? Find out in the guide below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/blog\/communication-in-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Why Is Communication Important in Project Management?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"critical-chain-project-management-example\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Critical chain project management example<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">To further explain how CCPM is done, let\u2019s look at a more detailed example. For the sake of clarity, we\u2019ll take the process of writing an article as an example.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The goal is to finish the article on time so that the editors have enough time to check it before it is published. You are the content manager, so you assign this project to one of the writers in your team and start creating a critical chain plan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"step-1-find-the-critical-path\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Step #1: Find the critical path<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The first step is to create a diagram that includes task dependencies and safe duration estimates. Here\u2019s what the <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/blog\/project-task-list\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project task list<\/a> looks like:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th><strong>Task designation<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Task description&nbsp;<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Safe estimate\/ Duration<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>A<\/td><td>Conduct research<\/td><td>3 days<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>B<\/td><td>Make an outline<\/td><td>1 day<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>C<\/td><td>Look for expert sources<\/td><td>5 days<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D<\/td><td>Create the article cover and visuals<\/td><td>5 days<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E<\/td><td>Write the article<\/td><td>12 days<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F<\/td><td>Edit the article<\/td><td>2 days<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>G<\/td><td>Send in expert quotes<\/td><td>5 days<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>H<\/td><td>Send cover and visuals<\/td><td>1 day<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>I<\/td><td>Add visuals and expert quotes<\/td><td>1 day<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>J<\/td><td>Send article to the content manager<\/td><td>1 day<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">When looking at this work breakdown structure, it\u2019s easy to spot that some things have to happen before the others, i.e., there are task dependencies you need to keep in mind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">For instance, the writer cannot do the article without creating the outline first. Likewise, they cannot add visuals to the article before they\u2019re made, or add expert quotes without first talking to the experts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">You also have to take into account which activities have to run parallel to the critical path tasks. Those will become a part of the non-critical path.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Here\u2019s how the critical path diagram looks based on the information above and before the resources are leveled:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"815\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/CPM-network-diagram-with-safe-task-estimates-1.png\" alt=\"CPM network diagram with safe task estimates\" class=\"wp-image-10254\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/CPM-network-diagram-with-safe-task-estimates-1.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/CPM-network-diagram-with-safe-task-estimates-1-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/CPM-network-diagram-with-safe-task-estimates-1-1024x695.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/CPM-network-diagram-with-safe-task-estimates-1-768x522.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/CPM-network-diagram-with-safe-task-estimates-1-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">CPM network diagram with safe task estimates<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">So, according to the diagram, the duration of the critical path is 20 days, and the non-critical path is 16 days long.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"step-2-cut-estimates-by-50\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Step #2: Cut estimates by 50%<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The calculated critical path based on safe estimates is 20 days. Now, it\u2019s time to try to speed up project completion and make new, more aggressive target estimates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">When cut by 50%, this is how long each activity should last:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Task designation<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Task description&nbsp;<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Aggressive estimate\/ Duration<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Resources<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">A<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Conduct research<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">1.5 days<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Writer&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">B<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Make an outline<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">0.5 day<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Writer<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">C<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Look for expert sources<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">2.5 days<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">PR&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">D<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Create the article cover and visuals<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">2.5 days<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Design team<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">E<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Write the article<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">6 days<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Writer<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">F<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Edit the article<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">1 day<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Writer&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">G<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Send in expert quotes<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">2.5 days<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">PR&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">H<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Send cover and visuals<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">0.5 day<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Design team<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">I<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Add visuals and expert quotes<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">0.5 day<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Writer<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">J<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Send article to the content manager<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">0.5 day<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Writer&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Now, the estimated duration of the critical path is 10 days, and the non-critical path\u2019s duration is 8 days.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Sounds too ambitious because it is \u2014 but we\u2019re not done yet. Things might still change because we have to take into account the resources, any conflicts that exist in regard to their allocation, and the buffers.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"815\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/CPM-network-diagram-with-aggressive-task-estimates-1.png\" alt=\"CPM network diagram with aggressive task estimates\" class=\"wp-image-10255\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/CPM-network-diagram-with-aggressive-task-estimates-1.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/CPM-network-diagram-with-aggressive-task-estimates-1-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/CPM-network-diagram-with-aggressive-task-estimates-1-1024x695.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/CPM-network-diagram-with-aggressive-task-estimates-1-768x522.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/CPM-network-diagram-with-aggressive-task-estimates-1-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">CPM network diagram with aggressive task estimates<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">And speaking of resources, note that since multitasking is not allowed, certain activities have also been delegated to the PR and the design team. They will serve as additional resources for this project and should keep the deadline intact. But will they be available when you need them?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"step-3-level-resources\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Step #3: Level resources<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In the diagram above, we saw that the design team waits for the PR to deliver expert quotes to start their tasks. That\u2019s not an efficient use of resources, especially when we have to take into account:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The PR is going on vacation soon, so they\u2019re available to do their tasks right after the writer does the outline,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The design team is so busy that they can start making the cover and visuals once the article is already written, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The writer cannot send the article in without the quotes or the visuals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">So, after leveling the resources, the new diagram where we can positively identify the critical chain looks like this:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"815\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/CPM-network-diagram-with-aggressive-task-estimates-and-leveled-resources-1.png\" alt=\"CPM network diagram with aggressive task estimates and leveled resources\" class=\"wp-image-10256\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/CPM-network-diagram-with-aggressive-task-estimates-and-leveled-resources-1.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/CPM-network-diagram-with-aggressive-task-estimates-and-leveled-resources-1-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/CPM-network-diagram-with-aggressive-task-estimates-and-leveled-resources-1-1024x695.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/CPM-network-diagram-with-aggressive-task-estimates-and-leveled-resources-1-768x522.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/CPM-network-diagram-with-aggressive-task-estimates-and-leveled-resources-1-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">CPM network diagram with aggressive task estimates and leveled resources<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Based on this, you can see the critical chain is 10 days long. Meanwhile, the durations of the 2 feeding chains are 5 days (path C\u2013G) and 3 days (path D\u2013H).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"step-4-add-buffers\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Step #4: Add buffers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Now, it\u2019s time to add project, feeding, and resource buffers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The project buffer is the 50% of the estimated duration of the critical chain. As the critical chain is estimated at 10 days, the project buffer you can add at the end amounts to 5 days.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">There are 2 feeding chains that need feeding buffers to ensure they don\u2019t mess up the flow of the critical chain and delay the project. Here\u2019s how you can add buffers there:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Feeding buffer between tasks G and I \u2014 50% of sequence duration = 2.5 days.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Feeding buffer between tasks H and I \u2014 50% of sequence duration = 1.5 days.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Finally, you have to add resource buffers. You can insert:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">A resource buffer for the PR between tasks B and C, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">A resource buffer for the design team between tasks E and D.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Here\u2019s how the updated critical chain diagram looks like:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"815\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-network-diagram-with-added-buffers-1.png\" alt=\"Critical chain network diagram with added buffers\" class=\"wp-image-10257\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-network-diagram-with-added-buffers-1.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-network-diagram-with-added-buffers-1-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-network-diagram-with-added-buffers-1-1024x695.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-network-diagram-with-added-buffers-1-768x522.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Critical-chain-network-diagram-with-added-buffers-1-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Critical chain network diagram with added buffers<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 id=\"step-5-keep-tabs-on-the-progress\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Step #5: Keep tabs on the progress<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Now all that\u2019s left is to keep track of the process. As the manager, you\u2019re giving the writer lots of freedom as to the details of execution of the project. However, the steps you\u2019ve outlined in the critical chain plan are a must \u2014 their order cannot change because the article won\u2019t be done well or in time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">So now that you have the plan, what do you do?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Well, you monitor buffer expenditure. You need to know if and when the buffers are used and how that affects the whole project.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">You should also be aware of when the next phase of the project is started. But there\u2019s no need to ask the writer what they\u2019re doing \u2014 you can keep tabs on that in <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/task-management\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">task management software<\/a> like Plaky by CAKE.com via the Status and Date fields.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"581\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/changing-task-status-in-Plaky.png\" alt=\"Changing task status in Plaky\" class=\"wp-image-3635\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/changing-task-status-in-Plaky.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/changing-task-status-in-Plaky-300x145.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/changing-task-status-in-Plaky-1024x496.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/changing-task-status-in-Plaky-768x372.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/changing-task-status-in-Plaky-18x9.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Changing task status in Plaky<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Additionally, you can make note of all the changes made for every activity in a Plaky board, including the date and time, task assignee, etc. in the <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/features\/activity-log\" target=\"_blank\">activity log<\/a>. That way, you stay in the know regarding the project\u2019s progress, but you\u2019re not micromanaging \u2014 if anything, you&#8217;re just a keen observer.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1071\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Activity-log-in-Plaky-1.png\" alt=\"Activity log in Plaky\" class=\"wp-image-5324\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Activity-log-in-Plaky-1.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Activity-log-in-Plaky-1-300x268.png 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Activity-log-in-Plaky-1-1024x914.png 1024w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Activity-log-in-Plaky-1-768x685.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Activity-log-in-Plaky-1-13x12.png 13w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Activity log in Plaky<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">And since resources are a huge part of CCPM, you can also use Plaky to <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/features\/files\" target=\"_blank\">share files<\/a> and documents necessary for completing certain tasks. As resource buffers serve as alerts, you can add them before different activities to remind yourself to add key files and docs to the task card before the activity commences.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1247\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/How-file-sharing-works-in-Plaky.png\" alt=\"File sharing in Plaky\" class=\"wp-image-5275\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/How-file-sharing-works-in-Plaky.png 1200w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/How-file-sharing-works-in-Plaky-289x300.png 289w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/How-file-sharing-works-in-Plaky-985x1024.png 985w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/How-file-sharing-works-in-Plaky-768x798.png 768w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/How-file-sharing-works-in-Plaky-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">File sharing in Plaky<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 id=\"4-critical-chain-project-management-advantages\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">4 critical chain project management advantages<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The main advantages of using critical chain project management are that it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Improves project performance,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Features built-in risk management,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Ensures optimal resource allocation and utilization, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Supports team collaboration and greater efficiency.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"advantage-1-ccpm-improves-project-performance\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Advantage #1: CCPM improves project performance<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In theory, the main advantage of CCPM is that it can improve performance by speeding up task completion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In traditional project management, ticking the tasks off the <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/blog\/project-management-checklist\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/blog\/project-management-checklist\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project management checklist<\/a> as soon as they are finished has no bearing on the project deadline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">If tasks A and B both take 10 days to complete, and task C is dependent on both, then faster completion of task A won\u2019t result in task C starting any sooner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">However, in CCPM, if tasks A and B are allocated 10 days to complete, with 5 days of buffer time on top of this \u2014 and they\u2019re both completed without burning through any buffer time \u2014 then task C can start 5 days early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">CCPM also helps improve project performance because it steers away from multitasking, planned procrastination (student syndrome), sandbagging, and Parkinson\u2019s law. CCPM effectively prevents these types of human behaviors from having too much of an impact on the project\u2019s progression.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The expert we spoke to, Jan Schiller, also believes improved project performance is a major benefit of CCPM:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Jan-Schiller.jpeg\" alt=\"Jan Schiller\" class=\"wp-image-3032\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Jan-Schiller.jpeg 500w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Jan-Schiller-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Jan-Schiller-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Jan-Schiller-12x12.jpeg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cThe primary advantage of CCPM is predictable projects and a hugely improved ability to meet or exceed expectations about project performance. CCPM, especially when performed at an enterprise level, provides a global view of a project&#8217;s impact on the organization&#8217;s resources (especially human resources), therefore supporting informed decision-making on how to best achieve an organization&#8217;s strategies and improve productivity.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"advantage-2-ccpm-features-built-in-risk-management\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Advantage #2: CCPM features built-in risk management<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">CCPM is not a replacement for <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/risk-management-in-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">risk management<\/a>, and it doesn\u2019t account for all potential risks. However, it has some form of risk management baked into it, as all scheduling changes made by resource leveling are effectively risks you\u2019ve avoided.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Furthermore, due to the inclusion of buffers, CCPM allows project managers extra time to deal with unknown risks. And they know exactly how much time they have to sort out problems as these contingencies are included in the original critical chain plan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In general, CCPM deals with one of the riskiest parts of project management \u2014 schedule reliability. CCPM provides you with a more realistic schedule your project team can actually see through the end.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Of course, keep in mind you should still conduct proper risk management on any project. CCPM just aids these efforts a bit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pro-tip\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\ud83d\udca1 <strong>Plaky Pro Tip<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Learn more about risk in project management, its elements, and the types that exist in the following guide:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/risk-in-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What Is Risk in Project Management?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"advantage-3-ccpm-ensures-optimal-resource-allocation-and-utilization\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Advantage #3: CCPM ensures optimal resource allocation and utilization<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Since CCPM mainly focuses on resources as the top constraint, the critical chain method allows for a more optimal resource allocation.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In CCPM, it\u2019s all about knowing in advance when and which resources will be needed \u2014 and then ensuring the resources are available just in time for the activities to start.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Overall, CCPM lets project managers plan more accurately and forecast resource needs to avoid potential shortages in the future. Moreover, it allows PMs to allocate them optimally so that every task has enough resources to be completed successfully.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"advantage-4-ccpm-supports-team-collaboration-and-greater-efficiency\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Advantage #4: CCPM supports team collaboration and greater efficiency<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">CCPM requires full-on commitment and understanding of the project team. If they\u2019re able to provide that, there\u2019s a chance team collaboration will improve overall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Using the critical chain method entails including the whole team into the process. Transparency is an obvious advantage here, but more importantly, if the whole team participates \u2014 they\u2019re more aligned with the <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/blog\/smart-goals-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project goals<\/a>. Though individuals will work on separate tasks, it\u2019s the team effort that counts in CCPM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Working together on creating the critical chain system also means the team will gain a better understanding of the project. In turn, this may help them perform the activities more successfully as they\u2019ll know how exactly they contribute toward the project goals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">CCPM also allows the project manager to focus better on the critical tasks at hand. In turn, this can affect the team\u2019s efficiency too.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The project manager doesn&#8217;t have to micromanage to ensure all the tasks are done on time \u2014 that\u2019s the team\u2019s job. Instead, they can focus on proper buffer allocation so that even if there\u2019s any risk, they can successfully handle it on time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Finally, keep in mind that in CCPM, time isn\u2019t wasted on waiting for the next activity to start. Instead, it\u2019s possible to start the next one as soon as you finish the previous one. This results in a higher level of efficiency \u2014 and a better chance of delivering the project on time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pro-tip\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\ud83d\udca1 <strong>Plaky Pro Tip<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Project collaboration is effectively a synonym for team collaboration and involves the whole project team working together toward a common goal. Read the guide below to check whether your project collaboration needs improvement \u2014 and how to make it better to ensure project success:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/blog\/project-collaboration\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Ultimate Guide to Project Collaboration<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\n<div class=\"banner banner-dark plaky-gradient-default\">\n    <div class=\"banner-text lg:pr-[6rem]\">\n        <h2 class=\"translation-block text-2xl !mb-4\">Free project management software<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"translation-block !text-sm\">Keep your work transparent. Monitor and review projects with ease. Try Plaky by CAKE.com.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"banner-buttons d-flex space-x-4 translation-block\">\n            <a class=\"rounded-md px-6 py-2 bg-white\" href=\"https:\/\/app.plaky.com\/signup\" target=\"_blank\">Sign up<\/a>\n\n                            <a class=\"button-2\" href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more<\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"banner-image banner-image-right \">\n        <picture>\n            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/plaky\/banners\/default@2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Illustration\"  media=\"(min-width: 1022px)\" \/>\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/plaky\/banners\/default.png\"  alt=\"Illustration\" \/>\n        <\/picture>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"7-critical-chain-project-management-disadvantages\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">7 critical chain project management disadvantages<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">For all its advantages, though, CCPM is rife with disadvantages. The major drawbacks of CCPM are that it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Can breed hostility among team members,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Might encourage inflated estimates,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Is not as foolproof as it seems,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Steps away from traditional progress tracking,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Is complex to implement and largely inflexible,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Requires training, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Lacks studies that support its promises.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"disadvantage-1-ccpm-can-breed-hostility-among-team-members\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Disadvantage #1: CCPM can breed hostility among team members<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">CCPM works under the assumption employees either lie about how long it takes them to complete tasks or are inept to make realistic predictions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">If an employee estimates a task will take 10 days to complete, the project manager will only put 5 days on the project schedule. Though the buffer is also inserted to act as safety in this case, the buffer applies to a task sequence, not individual tasks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">You can see how this whole exchange can breed hostility and bitterness within the team. And, the more honest and accurate employees are in their task duration predictions, the worse CCPM gets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Another problematic feature of CCPM that can breed hostility are resource buffers. In theory, they\u2019re a great way to remind team members to prepare for upcoming activities. But as authors Tzvi Raz, Robert Barnes, and Dov Dvir conclude in their paper <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/3228307_A_Critical_Look_at_Critical_Chain_Project_Management\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>A Critical Look at Critical Chain Project Management<\/em><\/a>, the coordination that the buffers aim to improve can become quite chaotic as people scramble to tie off any loose ends.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Additionally, the same paper mentions that project performance depends less on the PM\u2019s skill for managing the schedule constraints and more on their interpersonal and leadership skills.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">But CCPM, by its very nature, sabotages the good relations between PMs and team members required for interpersonal and leadership skills to shine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">This isn\u2019t to say scheduling skills aren\u2019t important. However, they shouldn\u2019t come at the expense of soft skills that also contribute to project performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pro-tip\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\ud83d\udca1 <strong>Plaky Pro Tip<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">To do their job properly, PMs are required to excel at many soft and hard skills. You can find the complete list of project management skills in this guide:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/project-management-skills\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">25 Key Project Management Skills to Make You Stand Out<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"disadvantage-2-ccpm-might-encourage-inflated-estimates\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Disadvantage #2: CCPM might encourage inflated estimates<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Another problem with critical chain estimations is that not everyone estimates in the same way, or rather, in the same amount. According to the same paper mentioned above, estimates can vary among employees depending on their personality, workload, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">If the employees also know that the safety margin will be deducted and added to the buffer, they\u2019re bound to keep adding larger ones to their tasks. That way, they can still enjoy the (real) safety margin and commit to the estimate without risking a potential delay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Jan Schiller also mentioned how problematic resource buffering in CCPM could be when it\u2019s not done well:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Jan-Schiller.jpeg\" alt=\"Jan Schiller\" class=\"wp-image-3032\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Jan-Schiller.jpeg 500w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Jan-Schiller-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Jan-Schiller-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Jan-Schiller-12x12.jpeg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cThe primary disadvantage of CCPM is that it encourages estimate padding (resource buffering in CCPM semantics) if not presented and applied in the appropriate context. Using resource buffering is a schedule risk mitigation action, and should be clearly communicated as such. Unless the resource buffer aligns with actual resource availability (in other words, if you need a resource to fill that buffer, the right resource is available to complete the work represented by the buffer), it is simply a way to make schedule variances harder to detect (and therefore, learn from).\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"disadvantage-3-ccpm-isnt-as-foolproof-as-it-seems\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Disadvantage #3: CCPM isn\u2019t as foolproof as it seems<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The big thing about CCPM is that it involves planning ahead. You know there may be some roadblocks along the way, so you add time buffers. You know there are some activities that may require additional resources, so you make sure the resources are available at the right time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">But despite the use of buffers being quite intuitive, the methodology doesn\u2019t instruct on their size \u2014 at least not by any scientific or objective criteria. Goldratt didn\u2019t give too much thought to accuracy while originating the critical chain, and the proposed buffer sizing method certainly isn\u2019t based on countless CCPM simulations.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Besides that, implementing any kinds of changes can be impractical with CCPM. It would require you to make new task estimates and ensure they don\u2019t jeopardize the critical chain \u2014 which can be time-consuming and pretty wasteful in the grand scheme of things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"disadvantage-4-ccpm-steps-away-from-traditional-progress-tracking\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Disadvantage #4: CCPM steps away from traditional progress tracking<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">It\u2019s not just the team members that need to get on board with radical changes required for CCPM project management. Executives also have to get comfortable with the idea of not using dates and <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/project-milestones\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">milestones<\/a> in favor of buffer-based progress tracking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Buffer expenditure causes CCPM schedules to constantly change. This means milestones and dates would constantly shift, causing the project to appear worse for wear even if the project buffer shows everything is fine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The project manager knows this, but clients and executives aren\u2019t necessarily people with intimate knowledge of CCPM. They may prefer the simple-to-understand and no-nonsense nature of dates and milestones over the amorphous nature of project buffer progress signaling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"disadvantage-5-ccpm-is-complex-to-implement-and-largely-inflexible\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Disadvantage #5: CCPM is complex to implement and largely inflexible<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Given all the steps you have to take to implement CCPM, it\u2019s easy to conclude it\u2019s not for the faint of heart. Proper preparation is key with this methodology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Inflexibility is also something to consider as CCPM doesn\u2019t exactly take into account unexpected changes or delays. It seems the buffers used in this methodology are largely there to fight against human behavior issues that lead to projects being late.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The resource buffer, for instance, can be particularly troublesome if you\u2019re using outside contractors. You cannot expect those contractors to drop everything and dedicate their time to your tasks when necessary. And even then, there can be unexpected changes that prevent them from following through on the critical chain plan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">When it comes to implementation, CCPM is often a better option for larger projects \u2014 smaller ones benefit more from other, simpler approaches, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/kanban-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kanban project management<\/a>, or even <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/project-management\/scrum-project-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Scrum<\/a>. However, even in the case of a larger project, the inflexibility of CCPM can pose various issues and make it too complex to implement and see through to the end.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The above-mentioned paper also states CCPM can be used in multi-project environments \u2014 but the authors doubt its success in that situation.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In a multi-project environment, CCPM requires you to stagger projects around the drum, i.e., the constraining resource that sets the beat for all the projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">But logically speaking, there can be several constraining resources across various projects \u2014 and all of them can influence the schedule. Consequently, there would be many conflicting schedules between those projects, making the environment even more chaotic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"disadvantage-6-ccpm-requires-training\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Disadvantage #6: CCPM requires training<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">As it\u2019s new and complex, CCPM requires you to invest in training your project team to use the methodology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Everyone working on the projects has to adopt CCPM in its entirety, which could cost a lot of money and cause major disruptions to the organizational culture. There wouldn\u2019t be multitasking anymore, due dates and milestones would be deemed obsolete, and you\u2019d get task extensions from a pooled time buffer.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">All that alone makes CCPM uncomfortable to use for anyone who\u2019s set in their own ways. It\u2019s not only the commitment that is required here but also the willingness to change the way you work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"disadvantage-7-ccpm-lacks-studies-that-support-its-promises\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Disadvantage #7: CCPM lacks studies that support its promises<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Last but not least, there is a lack of case study data confirming the effectiveness of critical chain project management. Many papers deal with the theory behind CCPM rather than with empirical evidence or case studies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Some positive case studies do exist, of course. One example is a study on the <a href=\"https:\/\/files01.core.ac.uk\/download\/pdf\/6819119.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">use of CCPM in the construction industry<\/a> of Romania, which investigated its ability to keep a project on schedule and deemed it a <em>\u201cbreath of fresh air\u201d<\/em> for the country\u2019s construction companies.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Another study, which examined the <a href=\"https:\/\/files01.core.ac.uk\/download\/160190376.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">integration of a procurement management process into CCPM<\/a> in oil and gas projects, showed CCPM is a better option for handling project uncertainty and reducing project duration when compared to more traditional methods like CPM.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">There is also a study on the use of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/Critical-Chain-project-management-%3A-a-case-study-in-Mirzaei-Mabin\/33d589b19ae5e3a500775673b1faa90f96066eb7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CCPM in software development<\/a> that looked into both the methodology\u2019s application in the industry and the different debates found in CCPM literature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">However, such case studies are few and far between, especially if we narrow them down by industry. Therefore, while the advantages of CCPM check out in theory, we lack substantial data that details the effects it has in practice.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"conclusion-ccpm-builds-on-cpm-and-requires-serious-commitment\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Conclusion: CCPM builds on CPM and requires serious commitment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Critical chain project management helps create a resource-oriented project plan that accounts for many of the things CPM doesn\u2019t take into consideration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">If you stop right after leveling the resources, you can use it as a scheduling algorithm and still overcome some of the limitations of CPM. However, unlike CPM and PERT, CCPM is not merely a scheduling algorithm.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The moment you implement buffers, CCPM becomes a fully-fledged project management methodology that reduces team members\u2019 task duration estimates for the chance to increase productivity and prevent delays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">All this is to say that CCPM is a methodology that can work well \u2014 but ultimately requires complete corporate and employee buy-in to function properly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom-btn translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/app.plaky.com\/signup\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Get started with Plaky by CAKE.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background translation-block\" style=\"background-color:#e5f6fe\">\ud83d\udcd6 Now that you have mastered the critical chain method, continue learning about project management and everything it encompasses by exploring our <a href=\"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/glossary\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Project Management Glossary of Terms<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La gesti\u00f3n de proyectos de cadena cr\u00edtica es un enfoque de gesti\u00f3n de proyectos que prioriza la distribuci\u00f3n eficiente de recursos para lograr los objetivos del proyecto.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":7251,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1013","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-project-management-methodologies","category-project-management"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1013","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1013"}],"version-history":[{"count":47,"href":"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1013\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11860,"href":"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1013\/revisions\/11860"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7251"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1013"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1013"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plaky.com\/learn\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1013"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}